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Diffusion, Absorbing States, and Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions in Range Expansions and Evolution.

机译:范围扩展和演化中的扩散,吸收态和非平衡相变。

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摘要

The spatial organization of a population plays a key role in its evolutionary dynamics and growth. In this thesis, we study the dynamics of range expansions, in which populations expand into new territory. Focussing on microbes, we first consider how nutrients diffuse and are absorbed in a population, allowing it to grow. These nutrients may be absorbed before reaching the population interior, and this "nutrient shielding'' can confine the growth to a thin region on the population periphery. A thin population front implies a small local effective population size and enhanced number fluctuations (or genetic drift). We then study evolutionary dynamics under these growth conditions. In particular, we calculate the survival probability of mutations with a selective advantage occurring at the population front for two-dimensional expansions (e.g., along the surface of an agar plate), and three-dimensional expansions (e.g., an avascular tumor). We also consider the effects of irreversible, deleterious mutations which can lead to the loss of the advantageous mutation in the population via a "mutational meltdown,'' or non-equilibrium phase transition. We examine the effects of an inflating population frontier on the phase transition. Finally, we discuss how spatial dimension and frontier roughness influence range expansions of mutualistic, cross-feeding variants. We find here universal features of the phase diagram describing the onset of a mutualistic phase in which the variants remain mixed at long times.
机译:种群的空间组织在其进化动力学和增长中起着关键作用。在本文中,我们研究了范围扩展的动力学,其中种群扩展到新的领域。我们着眼于微生物,首先考虑营养素如何在人群中扩散和吸收,从而使其生长。这些养分可能在到达种群内部之前就被吸收了,这种“养分屏蔽”可以将生长限制在种群外围的一个较薄区域。稀疏的种群前沿意味着较小的局部有效种群数量和增加的数量波动(或遗传漂移) ),然后研究在这些生长条件下的进化动力学,尤其是,我们计算出具有种群扩展优势的二维扩展(例如,沿琼脂平板表面)发生突变的突变的存活概率。维扩展(例如,无血管肿瘤)我们还考虑了不可逆的有害突变的影响,这些突变可能通过“突变融化”或非平衡相变而导致种群中有利突变的丧失。我们研究了人口边界膨胀对相变的影响。最后,我们讨论空间尺寸和边界粗糙度如何影响相互交叉的交叉进给变量的范围扩展。我们在这里发现相图的通用特征,描述了一个互惠相的出现,在该相中变体长时间保持混合状态。

著录项

  • 作者单位

    Harvard University.;

  • 授予单位 Harvard University.;
  • 学科 Physics Theory.;Physics Radiation.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 256 p.
  • 总页数 256
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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