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Effects of Novel Feed Ingredients and Additives on Feed Quality and Broiler Performance.

机译：新型饲料成分和添加剂对饲料质量和肉鸡生产性能的影响。

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摘要

In the poultry industry, feed and feed manufacture account for 60 to 70% of production costs. Because of this, integrators are continually seeking ways to decrease costs while maintaining pellet quality and bird performance. The research presented in this dissertation offer several novel feed ingredients that have the potential to replace costly feed ingredients, increase pellet quality, improve bird growth and performance, and improve nutrient digestibility. In Chapter 2, four experimental phytase enzymes (A -- D) were examined for thermostability during pelleting, as well as efficacy in vivo. Phytase activity post-pelleting demonstrated high variability between phytases, ranging from 120 to 1,300 FTU/kg. Bird performance revealed the most consistency with enzymes A and D, with enzyme A resulting in the highest phosphorus sparing. The take home message in Chapter 2 is that high efficacy in vitro may not translate to high efficacy in vivo, and both experiments must be completed prior to phytase commercialization. In Chapter 3, the efficacy of two enzyme cocktails (Allzyme SSF and VegPro) was assessed in diets containing meat and bone meal. Birds were fed diets containing SSF and VegPro separately or in combination; the enzymes, both separately or in combination, demonstrated improvement over the negative control for ending bird weight, live weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. The combination of enzymes demonstrated improved ileal amino acid digestibility compared to the negative control, while the enzymes separately demonstrated improved true amino acid digestibility for several amino acids. The digestibility of meat and bone meal did not improve with enzyme supplementation, likely due to the enzyme's target substrate being vegetable in origin. In Chapter 4, the effects of algae biomass were examined. The nutrient digestibility of algae was determined and these data were used to formulate a practical broiler starter diet containing 21% algae, and the effects of diets containing incrementally increasing levels of algae on performance and amino acid digestibility were assessed. Algae biomass energy and digestible amino acid content was determined to be most similar to soybean meal and was used as a replacement for this ingredient in diet formulation. The 21% algae diet increased pellet durability, suggesting algae as a pellet binder. Diets containing up to 16% algae resulted in similar performance and amino acid digestibility as the 0% algae diet. The two appendices represent research conducted to assess poultry litter biochar as a replacement for rock phosphates. In Appendix A, biochar was found to improve pelleting characteristics. Performance benefits were not observed, potentially due to arsenic contamination. However, some bone mineralization was observed. The biochar used in Appendix B was found to contain a lower level of arsenic. Pellet durability was again increased with dietary biochar inclusion and performance was improved. Performance was most improved with dietary inclusions of both biochar and phytase. No differences were observed for digesta viscosity. Amino acid digestibility and bone mineralization are currently being examined for this experiment.
机译：在家禽业中，饲料和饲料制造成本占生产成本的60％至70％。因此，集成商一直在寻找降低成本的方法，同时保持颗粒质量和家禽性能。本文提出的研究提供了几种新颖的饲料原料，它们有可能替代昂贵的饲料原料，提高颗粒品质，改善禽类生长和性能，并提高养分消化率。在第2章中，检查了四种实验性植酸酶（AD）在制粒过程中的热稳定性以及体内功效。造粒后的植酸酶活性显示出植酸酶之间的高度差异，范围从120到1,300 FTU / kg。鸟类的表现表明与酶A和D的一致性最高，而与酶A的磷含量最高。第2章中的要点是，体外高效率可能无法转化为体内高效率，并且这两个实验必须在植酸酶商业化之前完成。在第3章中，在含肉和骨粉的饮食中评估了两种酶混合物（Allzyme SSF和VegPro）的功效。分别或联合给鸟类喂食含SSF和VegPro的饲料；这些酶，无论是单独还是组合使用，都比阴性对照在最终禽只体重，活体增重和饲料转化率方面表现出改善。与阴性对照相比，酶的组合显示出提高的回肠氨基酸消化率，而这些酶分别对几种氨基酸显示出提高的真实氨基酸消化率。补充酶不能改善肉和骨粉的消化率，这可能是因为酶的目标底物是植物来源的。在第四章中，研究了藻类生物量的影响。确定了藻类的营养消化率，并将这些数据用于配制实用的含21％藻类的肉鸡开胃日粮，并评估了藻类含量逐渐增加的日粮对生产性能和氨基酸消化率的影响。确定藻类生物质能和可消化氨基酸含量与豆粕最相似，并被用作饮食配方中该成分的替代品。 21％的藻类饮食增加了颗粒的耐用性，表明藻类作为颗粒粘合剂。日粮中藻类含量最高为16％，与零藻类饲料相比，其性能和氨基酸消化率相似。这两个附录代表了为评估家禽垃圾生物炭替代磷酸盐岩而进行的研究。在附录A中，发现生物炭可改善造粒特性。可能由于砷污染而未观察到性能优势。但是，观察到一些骨矿化。发现附录B中使用的生物炭中砷含量较低。随着膳食生物炭的加入，颗粒的耐久性再次提高，性能得到改善。饲料中添加生物炭和植酸酶可以最大程度地改善性能。消化粘度没有观察到差异。目前正在为该实验检查氨基酸的消化率和骨矿化。

著录项

  • 作者

    Evans, Ashley Marie.;

  • 作者单位

    West Virginia University.;

  • 授予单位 West Virginia University.;
  • 学科 Animal sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 132 p.
  • 总页数 132
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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