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首页> 外文学位 >Fault-controlled advective, diffusive, and eruptive CO 2 leakage from natural reservoirs in the Colorado Plateau, East-Central Utah.
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Fault-controlled advective, diffusive, and eruptive CO 2 leakage from natural reservoirs in the Colorado Plateau, East-Central Utah.

机译：由断层控制的对流，扩散和喷发的CO 2从犹他州中东部的科罗拉多高原的天然油藏中泄漏出来。

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摘要

This study investigated a natural analogue for CO2 leakage near Green River, Utah, aiming to understand the influence of various factors on CO2 leakage and to reliably predict underground CO2 behavior after injection for geologic CO2 sequestration. Advective, diffusive, and eruptive characteristics of CO2 leakage were assessed via a soil CO2 flux survey and numerical modeling. The field results show anomalous CO2 fluxes (> 10 g m-2 d-1 ) along the faults, particularly adjacent to CO2-driven cold springs and geysers (e.g., 36,259 g m-2 d-1 at Crystal Geyser), ancient travertines (e.g., 5,917 g m-2 d-1), joint zones in sandstone (e.g., 120 g m-2 d-1), and brine discharge zones (e.g., 5,515 g m-2 d-1). Combined with similar isotopic ratios of gas and progressive evolution of brine chemistry at springs and geysers, a gradual decrease of soil CO2 flux from the Little Grand Wash (LGW; ~36,259 g m -2 d-1) to Salt Wash (SW; ~1,428 g m-2 d-1) fault zones reveals the same CO2 origin and potential southward transport of CO2 over 10-20 km.;The numerical simulations exhibit lateral transport of free CO2 and CO2-rich brine from the LGW to SW fault zones through the regional aquifers (e.g., Entrada, Navajo, Kayenta, Wingate, White Rim). CO2 travels predominantly as an aqueous phase (XCO2=~0.045) as previously suggested, giving rise to the convective instability that further accelerates CO2 dissolution. While the buoyant free CO2 always tends to ascend, a fraction of dense CO2-rich brine flows laterally into the aquifer and mixes with the formation fluids during upward migration along the fault. The fault always enhances advective CO2 transport regardless of its permeability (k). However, only low-k fault prevents unconditional upright migration of CO2 and induces fault-parallel movement, feeding the northern aquifers with more CO2. Low-k fault also impedes lateral southward fluid flow from the northern aquifers, developing anticlinal CO2 traps at shallow depths (<300 m). The regional k of the LGW fault in which CO2 flux coincides with the field spatial variation is estimated between 0.01.kh<0.1 md and 0.5.k v<1 md. The anticlinal trap serves as an essential fluid source and conducive environment for intensifying eruption at Crystal Geyser. Geyser-like discharge in the simulations sensitively responds to varying well permeability and radius, and CO2 recharge rate. Indeed, the cycling behavior of wellbore CO2 leakage turns into a constant discharge with time, indicating the potential switch of Crystal Geyser to a CO2-driven cold-water spring or even fumarole.
机译：这项研究调查了犹他州格林河附近二氧化碳泄漏的天然类似物，旨在了解各种因素对二氧化碳泄漏的影响，并可靠地预测地质封存注入后地下二氧化碳的行为。通过土壤CO2通量调查和数值模型评估了CO2泄漏的阳性，扩散和喷发特性。现场结果表明，沿断层的CO2通量异常（> 10 g m-2 d-1），特别是与CO2驱动的冷泉和间歇泉相邻（例如，晶体间歇泉的36,259 g m-2 d-1），古钙华（例如5,917 g m-2 d-1），砂岩中的接合带（例如120 g m-2 d-1）和盐水排放区（例如5,515 g m-2 d-1）。结合类似的气体同位素比值和泉水和间歇泉盐水化学的逐步发展，从小盛大水洗区（LGW;〜36,259 gm -2 d-1）到盐洗区（SW;〜1,428）的土壤CO2通量逐渐减少。 g m-2 d-1）断裂带显示出相同的CO2起源和10-20 km内潜在的向南输送CO2;数值模拟显示了从LGW到SW断裂带的自由CO2和富含CO2的盐水的横向输送区域含水层（例如Entrada，Navajo，Kayenta，Wingate，White Rim）。如前所述，CO2主要以水相形式传播（XCO2 =〜0.045），导致对流不稳定性，进一步加速了CO2的溶解。尽管自由浮游的二氧化碳总是倾向于上升，但一部分富含二氧化碳的浓盐水侧向流入含水层，并在沿断层向上迁移的过程中与地层流体混合。不论渗透率（k）如何，断层总是会增强对流二氧化碳的输送。但是，只有低k断层才能阻止CO2的无条件直立迁移，并引起断层平行运动，从而为北部含水层提供更多的CO2。低k断层还阻碍了北部含水层的侧向南流，在浅深度（<300 m）形成了背斜二氧化碳捕集带。估计LGW断层的区域k（CO2通量与场空间变化一致）在0.01.kh <0.1 md和0.5.k v <1 md之间。背斜陷阱是增强晶体间歇泉喷发的必不可少的液体来源和有利环境。在模拟中，类似间歇泉的排放对井的渗透率和半径变化以及二氧化碳的补给率敏感。确实，井筒CO2泄漏的循环行为随时间转变为恒定放电，表明Crystal Geyser可能转换为CO2驱动的冷水弹簧甚至是喷气孔。

著录项

  • 作者

    Jung, Na-Hyun.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee.;
  • 学科 Hydrologic sciences.;Geochemistry.;Geophysics.;Environmental geology.;Geology.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 111 p.
  • 总页数 111
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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