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首页> 外文学位 >Association Between Sensory Reactivity and Neural Activity of Orienting and Cognitive Control in Autism Spectrum Disorders.
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Association Between Sensory Reactivity and Neural Activity of Orienting and Cognitive Control in Autism Spectrum Disorders.

机译：自闭症谱系障碍的感觉反应与神经活动的定向和认知控制之间的关联。

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摘要

Atypical sensory reactivity to visual and/or auditory stimuli is prevalent among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Data from cognitive neuroscience research suggests that changes in attention can alter sensory processing at several levels of analysis, and thus could be contributing to changes in sensory reactivity. Furthermore, attentional pathways are modulated by the individual difference variable of working memory capacity (WMC). This study examined the relationship between sensory reactivity, individual difference, and auditory attention in ASD by using electroencephalography technique. Participants (n=25, 12 with ASD and 13 age- and IQ-matched controls) completed a sensory profile, complex operation span task for working memory capacity (WMC), and performed a modified 3-stimulus (target, non-target, and distractor) oddball task under varying perceptual load (high or low). Event-related potential (ERP) analysis assessed early sensory processing (P50, ∼50ms latency; N100, ∼100ms latency), cognitive control (N200, ∼200ms latency), and attentional processing (P3a and P3b, ∼300ms latency). Behavioral data demonstrates participants with ASD and neurotypical performed similarly on WMC and auditory target detection, but diverged in sensory profiles. In target processing under high perceptual load did not enhance P3b latency in those with ASD suggesting increased perceptual capacity compared to neurotypicals. No neurophysiological difference between groups in target data suggests intact top-down control in people with and without ASD. Early and late orienting ERPs (P50, N100, P3a) in non-target processing were unaffected by perceptual load. Robust differences in distractor processing were observed between groups in both early (N100) and late (N200) neural correlates of auditory attention. N100 responses in participants with ASD were strongly attenuated by increasing perceptual load compared to neurotypical controls. Decreased distractor interference at high loads in participants with ASD contrasted attenuation of enhanced late, perceptual processes indexed by the N200 in neurotypical controls. Increased perceptual capacity and decreased distractor processing suggest enhanced bottom-up attention in participant with ASD and has a direct relationship to atypical sensory reactivity in ASD. Collectively, data describes intact top-down control, behaviorally and neurophysiologically, while demonstrating benefits of atypical sensory reactivity on bottom-up attention in people with ASD.
机译：在患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的个体中，对视觉和/或听觉刺激的非典型感觉反应普遍存在。认知神经科学研究的数据表明，注意力的改变可以在几个分析水平上改变感觉处理，因此可能有助于感觉反应的改变。此外，注意力途径是由工作记忆能力（WMC）的个体差异变量调节的。本研究通过脑电图技术检查了ASD的感觉反应，个体差异和听觉注意之间的关系。参加者（n = 25，ASD为12，年龄和智商匹配的控件为12）完成了感官档案，用于工作记忆容量（WMC）的复杂操作跨度任务，并执行了改良的3刺激（目标，非目标，和分散器）在不同的知觉负载（高或低）下进行奇数球任务。事件相关电位（ERP）分析评估了早期感觉处理（P50，约50ms潜伏期； N100，约100ms潜伏期），认知控制（N200，约200ms潜伏期）和注意处理（P3a和P3b，约300ms潜伏期）。行为数据表明，在WMC和听觉目标检测上，具有ASD和神经典型行为的参与者表现相似，但在感觉特征上存在差异。在具有高知觉负载的靶标处理中，那些患有ASD的患者并没有增加P3b潜伏期，这表明与神经型患者相比，知觉能力有所提高。在目标数据中，两组之间的神经生理学差异没有表明对患有和不患有ASD的人进行完整的自上而下的控制。非目标处理中的早期和晚期定向ERP（P50，N100，P3a）不受感知负荷的影响。在听觉注意的早期（N100）和晚期（N200）神经相关性之间，各组之间的干扰物处理均存在明显差异。与神经性对照相比，通过增加知觉负荷，ASD参与者的N100反应大大减弱。在高负荷情况下，与ASD参与者相比，分散注意力干扰的减少与神经性对照中N200索引的增强的晚期感知过程的衰减形成了对比。知觉能力的增加和牵张器处理的减少表明自闭症参与者的自下而上注意力增强，并且与自闭症患者的非典型感觉反应性直接相关。总体而言，数据描述了行为和神经生理上完整的自上而下的控制，同时证明了非典型感觉反应对自闭症患者自下而上注意的益处。

著录项

  • 作者

    Karhson, Debra S.;

  • 作者单位

    Tulane University School of Science and Engineering.;

  • 授予单位 Tulane University School of Science and Engineering.;
  • 学科 Neurosciences.;Mental health.;Cognitive psychology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 142 p.
  • 总页数 142
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 物理化学（理论化学）、化学物理学;
  • 关键词

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