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首页> 外文学位 >Examining food additives and spices for their anti-oxidant ability to counteract oxidative damage due to chronic exposure to free radicals from environmental pollutants.
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Examining food additives and spices for their anti-oxidant ability to counteract oxidative damage due to chronic exposure to free radicals from environmental pollutants.

机译：检查食品添加剂和香料的抗氧化能力，以抵抗由于长期暴露于环境污染物引起的自由基引起的氧化损伤。

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摘要

The main objective of this work was to examine food additives and spices (from the Apiaceae family) to determine their antioxidant properties to counteract oxidative stress (damage) caused by Environmental pollutants. Environmental pollutants generate Reactive Oxygen species and Reactive Nitrogen species. Star anise essential oil showed lower antioxidant activity than extracts using DPPH scavenging. Dill Seed -- Anethum Graveolens -the monoterpene components of dill showed to activate the enzyme glutathione-S-transferase , which helped attach the antioxidant molecule glutathione to oxidized molecules that would otherwise do damage in the body. The antioxidant activity of extracts of dill was comparable with ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and quercetin in in-vitro systems. Black Cumin -- Nigella Sativa: was evaluated the method 1,1-diphenyl2-picrylhhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Positive correlations were found between the total phenolic content in the black cumin extracts and their antioxidant activities. Caraway -- Carum Carvi: The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the scavenging effects of 1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Caraway showed strong antioxidant activity. Cumin -- Cuminum Cyminum - the major polyphenolic were extracted and separated by HPTLC. The antioxidant activity of the cumin extract was tested on 1,1'-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging. Coriander -- Coriandrum Sativum - the antioxidant and free-radical-scavenging property of the seeds was studied and also investigated whether the administration of seeds curtails oxidative stress. Coriander seed powder not only inhibited the process of Peroxidative damage, but also significantly reactivated the antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant levels. The seeds also showed scavenging activity against superoxides and hydroxyl radicals. The total polyphenolic content of the seeds was found to be 12.2 galic acid equivalents (GAE)/g while the total flavonoid content was found to be 12.6 quercetin equivalents/g. The Maximum free radical-scavenging action and free radical reducing power of coriander seed extract was observed at a concentration of 50microg galic acid equivalents (GAE) (Sharma Om P. et al 2009) Anise - Pimpinella Anisum - the seeds of anise were investigated and the extracts showed marked antioxidant activity, both linoleic acid and liposome model systems. The antioxidant activity of alcohol extracts decreased in the order chamomile flowers > gtill seeds>gtnise seeds. The extract also showed good free radical-scavenging 2,2'-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity, indicating that they act as hydrogen donors. (Sharma, Om P. et al 2009) Carrot Seed-- Daucus Carota --carrot seed is known for containing potent amounts of antioxidants. It is known for its phenomenal free-radical scavenging and oxygen radical absorbing abilities. It contains high levels of carotenoids and components of vitamin A and powerful antioxidants. It also has high levels of tocopherol, a fat soluble form of vitamin E Carrot seed is a natural antioxidant. Total Phenolic content in extracts was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) reagent method. Results were expressed as micrograms of galic acid equivalents (GAE). Celery Seed -- Apium Graveolens - Celery contains well known antioxidants like vitamin C and flavonoids. Scientists have identified at least a dozen other types of antioxidants in celery. Celery is an important food source of conventional antioxidant nutrients, including vitamin C, beta-carotene, and manganese. But its claim to fame may very well be its phytonutrients. Many of these phytonutrients fall into the category of phenolic antioxidants and have been shown to provide anti-inflammatory benefits as well. Celery is an excellent source of vitamin K and molybdenum. It is a very good source of folate, potassium, dietary fiber, manganese, and pantothenic acid. Celery is also a good source of vitamin B2, copper, vitamin C, vitamin A, and vitamin E. The total phenolic content was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) reagent method. Fennel--- Foeniculum Vulgare : Like many of its fellow spices contains its own unique combinations of phytonutrients -- including the flavonoids rutin, quercetin, and various kaempferol glycosides -- that give it strong antioxidant activity. The phytonutrients in fennel extracts compare favorably in research studies to BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), a potentially toxic antioxidant commonly added to processed food. The most fascinating phytonutrients compound in fennel, may be anethole - the primary component of its volatile oil. In addition to its unusual phytonutrients, fennel bulb is an excellent source of vitamin C Vitamin C is the body's primary water-soluble antioxidant, able to neutralize free radicals in all aqueous environments of the body. The vitamin C found in fennel bulb is directly antimicrobial and is also needed for the proper function of the immune system. The total phenolic content was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method Cilantro Powder -- Coriandrum Sativum - Cilantro herb is very low in calories and contains no cholesterol. However its deep-green leaves possess good amounts of antioxidants, essential oils, vitamins, and dietary fiber, which help reduce LDL or "bad cholesterol" while raising HDL or "good cholesterol" levels. Its leaves and seeds contain many essential volatile oils. The leaves and stem are also rich in numerous antioxidant polyphenolic Flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferel, rhamnetin, and epigenin. The herb is a good source of minerals like potassium, calcium manganese, iron, and magnesium. Carrot Powder -- Daucus Carota : Carrot is known for containing potent amounts of antioxidants. It is known for its phenomenal free-radical scavenging and oxygen radical absorbing abilities. It contains high levels of carotenoids and components of vitamin A and powerful antioxidants. It also has high levels of tocopherol, a fat soluble form of vitamin E Carrot seed is a natural antioxidant. Total Phenolic content in extracts was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) reagent method. Results were expressed as micrograms of galic acid equivalents (GAE). Weed -- Anethum Graveolens: Dill weed contains numerous plant derived chemical compounds that are known to have been anti-oxidant, disease preventing, and health promoting properties. This popular herb contains no cholesterol and low in calories. Nonetheless, it holds many antioxidants, vitamins like niacin, pyridoxine, etc. and dietary fibers. Dill seeds contain many essential volatile oils such as d-carvone, clillapiol, DHC, eugenol, limonene, terpinene, and myristicin. Dill is also rich in many vital vitamins, including folic acid, riboflavin, vitamin A, 13-carotene, vitamin C, that is essential for optimum metabolism in the human body. Dill weed is a good source of minerals like potassium, calcium manganese, iron, and magnesium. Ammi -- Ammi visnaga L.: Eleven flavonols have been isolated from the aerial parts of Ammi visnaga L. from which four aglycones, four monoglycosides, two diglycosides and one triglycoside. Ammi oil evaluation was done by the antioxidant power of 1,11-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazal (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. DPPH is a stable free radical, which changes its colour from violet to yellow upon reduction by the process of electron donation. The scavenging potential of the antioxidants present in E.O.A seeds can thus be determined by their degree of discoloration to yellow. As per data obtained through experiment, it was seen that scavenging effect of DPPH radical increased with increasing the concentration of essential oil (1.25-10micro1).E.O.A. The E.O.A. has shown considerable reducing power) They exhibited moderate scavenging activity when compared with ascorbic acid (standards). The ability of samples to scavenge DPPH radical was determined on the basis of their concentration providing % effect. Parsley Seed -- Pet
机译：这项工作的主要目的是检查食品添加剂和香料（来自pi科），以确定它们的抗氧化性能，以抵消环境污染物引起的氧化应激（破坏）。环境污染物会产生活性氧和活性氮。八角茴香精油的抗氧化活性比使用DPPH清除剂的提取物低。莳萝种子-炭疽病-莳萝的单萜成分可激活谷胱甘肽S转移酶，该酶有助于将抗氧化剂分子谷胱甘肽连接到氧化的分子上，否则会对身体造成损害。莳萝提取物在体外系统中的抗氧化活性与抗坏血酸，α-生育酚和槲皮素相当。黑小茴香-苜蓿黑黑（Nigella Sativa）：已评估方法1,1-二苯基2-吡啶并肼基（DPPH）的自由基清除活性。发现黑孜然提取物中的总酚含量与其抗氧化活性呈正相关。香芹籽-Carum Carvi：抗氧化剂活性是通过1,1'-二苯基-2-吡啶并肼基（DPPH）的清除作用评估的。香菜具有很强的抗氧化活性。孜然-孜然-主要多酚通过HPTLC提取并分离。对小茴香提取物的抗氧化活性进行了1,1'-二苯基-2-甲基肼基（DPPH）自由基清除测试。香菜-香菜-研究了种子的抗氧化剂和自由基清除性能，并研究了种子的施用是否可以减少氧化应激。香菜籽粉不仅抑制了过氧化损伤的过程，而且还显着重新激活了抗氧化酶和抗氧化水平。种子还显示出对超氧化物和羟基自由基的清除活性。发现种子的总多酚含量为12.2没食子酸当量（GAE）/ g，而总黄酮含量为12.6槲皮素当量/ g。在浓度为50微克没食子酸（GAE）的情况下，香菜种子提取物具有最大的清除自由基和减少自由基的能力（Sharma Om P.等，2009）。茴香-Pimpinella Anisum-研究了茴香种子并提取物在亚油酸和脂质体模型系统中均显示出明显的抗氧化活性。酒精提取物的抗氧化活性以洋甘菊花> gtill种子> gtnise种子的顺序降低。提取物还显示出良好的清除自由基的2,2'-二苯基-1-吡咯并肼基（DPPH）活性，表明它们充当氢供体。 （Sharma，Om P.等人2009）胡萝卜籽-胡萝卜（Daucus Carota）胡萝卜籽因含有有效量的抗氧化剂而闻名。以其惊人的自由基清除能力和氧自由基吸收能力而闻名。它包含高水平的类胡萝卜素，维生素A和有效的抗氧化剂成分。它还具有高水平的生育酚，维生素E胡萝卜种子的脂溶性形式是天然抗氧化剂。提取物中的总酚含量通过Folin-Ciocalteu（FC）试剂方法进行测量。结果表示为微克的没食子酸当量（GAE）。芹菜籽-芹菜-芹菜含有众所周知的抗氧化剂，例如维生素C和类黄酮。科学家已经在芹菜中鉴定出至少十二种其他类型的抗氧化剂。芹菜是传统抗氧化剂营养的重要食物来源，包括维生素C，β-胡萝卜素和锰。但是它的名气很可能是其植物营养素。这些植物营养素中的许多都属于酚类抗氧化剂的范畴，并已被证明也具有抗炎作用。芹菜是维生素K和钼的极好来源。它是叶酸，钾，膳食纤维，锰和泛酸的极好来源。芹菜还是维生素B2，铜，维生素C，维生素A和维生素E的良好来源。总酚含量是通过Folin-Ciocalteu（FC）试剂方法测量的。茴香-茴香：像其许多其他香料一样，都含有自己独特的植物营养素组合-包括黄酮类芦丁，槲皮素和各种山ka酚糖苷-使其具有很强的抗氧化活性。茴香提取物中的植物营养素在研究中优于BHT（丁基化羟基甲苯），后者是通常添加到加工食品中的潜在有毒抗氧化剂。茴香中最迷人的植物营养化合物可能是茴香脑-挥发油的主要成分。茴香鳞茎除了具有非常规的植物营养素外，还是维生素C的绝佳来源。维生素C是人体主要的水溶性抗氧化剂，能够中和人体所有水性环境中的自由基。茴香鳞茎中存在的维生素C直接具有抗微生物作用，也是免疫系统正常运转所必需的。总酚含量通过Folin-Ciocalteu试剂方法Cilantro Powder-Coriandrum Sativum-Cilantro Herbs卡路里含量很低并且不含胆固醇。但是，其深绿色的叶子含有大量的抗氧化剂，精油，维生素和膳食纤维，有助于降低LDL或“坏胆固醇”，同时提高HDL或“好胆固醇”水平。它的叶子和种子含有许多必需的挥发油。叶子和茎还富含多种抗氧化剂多酚类黄酮，例如槲皮素，山emp酚，鼠李素和表皮素。草本植物是钾，钙锰，铁和镁等矿物质的良好来源。胡萝卜粉-胡萝卜（Daucus Carota）：胡萝卜因含有有效量的抗氧化剂而闻名。以其惊人的自由基清除能力和氧自由基吸收能力而闻名。它包含高水平的类胡萝卜素，维生素A和有效的抗氧化剂成分。它还具有高水平的生育酚，维生素E胡萝卜种子的脂溶性形式是天然抗氧化剂。提取物中的总酚含量通过Folin-Ciocalteu（FC）试剂方法进行测量。结果表示为微克的没食子酸当量（GAE）。杂草-炭疽病（Anethum Graveolens）：莳萝杂草包含许多植物衍生的化合物，这些化合物已知具有抗氧化剂，预防疾病和促进健康的特性。这种流行的草药不含胆固醇，并且热量低。但是，它含有许多抗氧化剂，烟酸，吡ido醇等维生素和膳食纤维。莳萝种子包含许多必需的挥发油，例如d-香芹酮，clillapiol，DHC，丁子香酚，柠檬烯，萜品烯和肉豆蔻素。莳萝还富含许多重要的维生素，包括叶酸，核黄素，维生素A，13-胡萝卜素，维生素C，这些维生素对于人体的最佳代谢至关重要。莳萝杂草是矿物质的良好来源，例如钾，钙锰，铁和镁。 Ammi-Ammi visnaga L .:从Ammi visnaga L.的地上部分中分离出11种黄酮醇，其中包括四个糖苷元，四个单糖苷，两个二糖苷和一个三糖苷。 Ammi油的评估是通过1,11-二苯基-2甲基水合肼（DPPH）自由基清除活性的抗氧化能力完成的。 DPPH是一种稳定的自由基，通过给电子过程将其还原，其颜色从紫色变为黄色。因此，可以通过它们变色为黄色来确定存在于E.O.A.种子中的抗氧化剂的清除潜力。根据通过实验获得的数据，可以看出DPPH自由基的清除作用随精油浓度（1.25-10μl）的增加而增加。 E.O.A.已显示出相当大的还原力）与抗坏血酸（标准品）相比，它们具有中等的清除活性。样品清除DPPH自由基的能力是根据其提供％作用的浓度确定的。香菜种子-宠物

著录项

  • 作者

    Martinez, Raul A., III.;

  • 作者单位

    Texas Southern University.;

  • 授予单位 Texas Southern University.;
  • 学科 Science education.;American history.;Forensic anthropology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 73 p.
  • 总页数 73
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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