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首页> 外文学位 >Econometric Approaches to Public Health Policy: Behavioral Response to Substance Use Regulations.
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Econometric Approaches to Public Health Policy: Behavioral Response to Substance Use Regulations.

机译：公共卫生政策的计量经济学方法：对物质使用法规的行为响应。

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摘要

This dissertation consists of three separate chapters on topics in health economics. Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 2000 to 2010 the first chapter, entitled "The Effectiveness of Cigarette Taxes on Older Adult Smokers: Evidence from Recent State Tax Increases," investigates the impact of cigarette excise taxes on the smoking participation across the age distribution of older adult smokers. I find that a one dollar increase in the excise tax reduces smoking participation by 2.5 percent for adults age 30 to 74. An investigation of the age distribution finds that results are sensitive to how older adult age groups are defined. The effect of one dollar excise tax increase is largest for a 45 to 49 year old group, reducing smoking participation by over 7 percent. The effect of taxation is more widespread by age for women and low-income smokers. Additionally, women and high-income smokers reduce their smoking participation because of taxation earlier in life. This paper establishes that the impact of taxation on smoking participation for older smokers is diminished at higher tax and price levels.;The second chapter, entitled "The Effect of Alcohol Access on Mental Well-Being: Evidence from the Minimum Legal Drinking Age," uses data from the 2008-2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and mental well-being. A regression discontinuity framework at the minimum legal drinking age is used to identify the causal effect of alcohol consumption on short-term self-reported mental well-being. My empirical analysis finds some conservative evidence of a positive, causal effect of alcohol consumption on mental well-being. I find that alcohol use jumps by 20.7% at the age of 21. At the same threshold there is a 9.8% decrease in "feeling hopeless." The implied instrumental variable estimate finds that a 10% increase in the percent of alcohol use is associated with a 5.6% decrease in feeling hopeless. This result is fairly robust to specification and bandwidth. There is less evidence of an effect for "feeling down on yourself, no good or worthless" or no evidence of an effect for "feeling nervous." I also explore the differences by gender and race.;The third chapter, entitled "The Substitutability of Alcohol and Marijuana: Where there is Smoke, is there Fire?," uses data from the 2002-2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to investigate recent evidence from a regression discontinuity framework that alcohol and marijuana are substitutes for young adults. The central assumption underlying this method is that the model correctly specifies the smooth function of the forcing variable, in this case, age. I consider a wide variety of parametric and nonparametric models to test the robustness of the discontinuous effect found for marijuana use at the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA). The recent finding that alcohol and marijuana are substitutes is sensitive to specification choice for the whole sample. Regardless of the specification there is no evidence of a significant change in marijuana use by men, while the substitution effect for women is robust. I corroborate and investigate the gender difference using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 Cohort (NLSY97). I find that the reduction in marijuana use at the MLDA by women is heterogeneous by education and race. There is also evidence of a complementary relationship between alcohol and marijuana use for parts of the male sample.
机译：本论文由健康经济学三个主题组成。使用行为风险因素监视系统（BRFSS）2000年至2010年第一章题为“香烟税对老年人吸烟者的有效性：最近国家税收增加的证据”的第一章，研究了香烟消费税对吸烟的影响成年人吸烟者年龄分布的参与情况。我发现，消费税每增加1美元，对于30岁至74岁的成年人，吸烟参与率就会降低2.5％。对年龄分布的调查发现，结果对确定较高年龄段的人群很敏感。对于45至49岁的人群，一美元消费税增加的影响最大，减少了7％的吸烟参与。对妇女和低收入吸烟者来说，税收的影响随着年龄的增长而更加广泛。此外，由于生活中的征税，妇女和高收入吸烟者减少了吸烟。本文确定，在较高的税收和价格水平下，税收对老年吸烟者的吸烟影响将减弱。;第二章，“获取酒精对心理健康的影响：最低法定饮酒年龄的证据”。使用2008-2012年全国药物使用和健康调查的数据来研究饮酒与心理健康之间的关系。最低法定饮酒年龄的回归不连续性框架用于确定饮酒对短期自我报告的心理健康的因果关系。我的实证分析发现一些保守的证据表明，饮酒对心理健康具有积极的因果关系。我发现21岁时酒精使用量猛增了20.7％。在相同的阈值下，“绝望感”下降了9.8％。隐含的工具变量估计值发现，酒精使用百分比增加10％与无望感减少5.6％有关。该结果对于规格和带宽相当可靠。很少有证据表明“对自己感到沮丧，没有好处或毫无价值”，也没有证据表明“感到紧张”。我还探讨了性别和种族的差异。第三章，“酒精和大麻的替代性：哪里有烟，哪里有火？”，使用了2002-2007年全国毒品和健康调查得出的数据从回归不连续性框架中调查最近的证据，即酒精和大麻可以替代年轻人。该方法的主要假设是模型正确指定了强迫变量（在这种情况下为年龄）的平滑函数。我考虑使用各种参数模型和非参数模型来测试在最低法定饮酒年龄（MLDA）时发现使用大麻的不连续效应的鲁棒性。酒精和大麻是代用品的最新发现对整个样本的规格选择很敏感。不管规格如何，没有证据表明男性使用大麻有显着变化，而女性的替代作用则很强。我使用“ 1997年全国青年纵向调查”（NLSY97）的数据证实和调查了性别差异。我发现，妇女在MLDA上使用大麻的减少因教育和种族而异。也有证据表明，男性样本中酒精和大麻的使用之间存在互补关系。

著录项

  • 作者

    Welding, Kevin Michael.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Santa Barbara.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Santa Barbara.;
  • 学科 Economics General.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 142 p.
  • 总页数 142
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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