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Occurrence and removal of ultra-low level hexavalent chromium in drinking water.

机译：饮用水中超低含量六价铬的发生和去除。

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摘要

This project provides insight for drinking water utilities to better understand chromium behavior in their own waters. Seven full-scale treatment plants developed a snapshot profile of chromium behavior and treatability. If ultra-low level Cr6 is to be controlled, the key treatment processes in need of further investigation are lime softening, oxidation by chlorine, chloramines, or permanganate, and reduction-coupled coagulation using ferrous iron. Chlorine was shown to oxidize ultra-low levels of Cr3 to Cr6 in less than seven hours. The distribution system investigations showed the concentration of Cr6 could change between the point of entry and the tap. It is therefore stressed that Cr3 must also be removed during treatment; otherwise it may be oxidized and generate additional Cr6 during distribution.;Other non-water sources of chromium include leaching of chromium-bearing infrastructure and trace contamination of treatment chemicals. Thirteen types of drinking water treatment chemicals were investigated. Twelve of the 13 chemicals contained negligible amounts of chromium, but iron-based coagulants contained significant levels of chromium that were inadvertently added to some treated waters.
机译：该项目为饮用水企业提供了见识，以更好地了解他们自己水中的铬行为。七个大型处理厂对铬的行为和可处理性进行了概述。如果要控制超低含量的Cr6，需要进一步研究的关键处理工艺是石灰软化，氯气，氯胺或高锰酸盐的氧化，以及使用亚铁的还原偶联凝结。氯被证明可以在不到七个小时的时间内将超低含量的Cr3氧化为Cr6。分布系统研究表明，Cr6的浓度可能在入口点和出铁口之间变化。因此要强调的是，在处理过程中还必须去除Cr3。否则，它可能会被氧化并在分配过程中产生更多的Cr6。其他非水铬源包括含铬基础设施的浸出和处理化学品的微量污染。研究了十三种饮用水处理化学品。在13种化学药品中，有12种的铬含量可忽略不计，但铁基凝结剂却含有大量的铬，这些铬被无意中添加到某些处理过的水中。

著录项

  • 作者

    Olsen, Christel.;

  • 作者单位

    Utah State University.;

  • 授予单位 Utah State University.;
  • 学科 Environmental engineering.;Civil engineering.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 105 p.
  • 总页数 105
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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