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首页> 外文学位 >Toward the social and acoustic ecology of social foraging humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in southeast Alaska.
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Toward the social and acoustic ecology of social foraging humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in southeast Alaska.

机译：走向阿拉斯加东南部的社会觅食座头鲸（Megaptera novaeangliae）的社会和声学生态。

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The humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is an endangered species of baleen whale found throughout the world. A subset of the Polynesian population of humpbacks that migrates to Southeast Alaska participates in the group foraging activity known as "bubble-net feeding." We applied social network analysis to eight years of observations of co-occurrence to understand the social organization of bubble-net feeding whales. Results indicate that there are two large communities in Southeast Alaska that inhabit geographically distinct areas. Among social foraging humpbacks, there is a high degree of preference for affiliating with individuals from the same community. There are three types of whales in the communities: (1) "core" members who eat herring consistently, (2) intermittent members that were observed participating irregularly, and (3) one-season participators.;One of the specialized roles that some whales assume during bubble-net feeding is that of the whale who vocalizes to manipulate prey. We focused on the vocalizations produced by there task-specialists to see if we could classify distinct types of feeding calls. Classification and regression trees confirmed that most feeding calls were classifiable based on stable acoustic differences among the calls. The acoustic features that played the largest role in classifying calls were the mean and standard deviation of call formants, also known as harmonies. Formants are acoustic features that are stable within individual vocalizers. This indicates that the classification technique may provide a reliable method for identifying individual whales acoustically.;Humpback vocal behavior is integral to bubble-net feeding and could be affected by vessel noise during social foraging. We subjected feeding humpbacks to moderate levels of vessel noise from small boats. The humpbacks increased the length of spaces between individual vocalizations but did rot increase the overall length of vocal bouts. Contrary to expectations, the whales increased the diversity of vocalizations during vessel noise, instead of increasing redundancy. Channel capacity is an information theoretic measure that quantifies an environment's ability to carry communication based on noise present. We quantified the whales' response to sound by measuring a reduction in vocal rate as channel capacity decreased.
机译：座头鲸（Megaptera novaeangliae）是一种在世界各地发现的濒临灭绝的古鲸。迁移到阿拉斯加东南部的波利尼西亚座头鲸种群中的一部分参加了该群体的觅食活动，称为“泡泡网喂养”。我们将社交网络分析应用于共现的八年观察中，以了解泡泡网喂养鲸的社会组织。结果表明，阿拉斯加东南部有两个大的社区，居住在地理上不同的地区。在社交觅食座头鲸中，高度倾向于与同一个社区的人有联系。社区中有三种类型的鲸鱼：（1）始终吃鲱鱼的“核心”成员，（2）观察到不定期参加的间歇成员，以及（3）一个季节的参与者。泡泡网喂养期间，鲸鱼假定是发声操纵猎物的鲸鱼。我们重点研究了任务专员产生的发声方式，以查看是否可以对不同类型的送餐电话进行分类。分类树和回归树证实，大多数进食呼叫可基于呼叫之间稳定的声学差异进行分类。在对通话进行分类中发挥最大作用的声学特征是通话共振峰的均值和标准偏差，也称为和声。共振峰是在单个发声器中稳定的声学特征。这表明分类技术可以提供一种可靠的方法来从声学上识别鲸鱼。我们使喂食的座头鲸受到来自小船的适度船只噪声的干扰。座头鲸增加了单个发声之间的距离，但腐烂却增加了发声的总长度。与预期相反，鲸鱼在船只发出噪音时增加了发声的多样性，而不是增加了冗余度。信道容量是一种信息理论量度，它基于存在的噪声来量化环境进行通信的能力。我们通过测量随着通道容量降低而发声率的降低来量化鲸鱼对声音的响应。

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