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Sustainability Analysis of Soybean Refinery Soybean Oil Extraction Process.

机译：大豆精炼厂豆油提取过程的可持续性分析。

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摘要

Soybeans are one of the main sources of oil crops around the world. Soybean oil is the most common product of soybean refinery. It is a resource of edible oil and has other food and industrial applications. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) is applied to estimate the economic feasibility of the soybean oil extraction process. The mechanical extruding-expelling process, hexane extraction, and enzyme assisted aqueous extraction process (EAEP) are analyzed. Total capital investment, operating costs, and revenues are the three basic indices for evaluating gross profit and net profit; which are general indicators of economic feasibility of a manufacturing venture. Additionally, cash flow analysis and sensitivity analysis are used to evaluate profitability while considering the net present value (NPV) and the driving force of manufacturing individually.;According to the analysis, the extruding-expelling process is a profitable and product-leading process as the scale of oil production is over 12 million kg of annual soybean production. In addition to soybean oil, soybean meal provides over 70% of total revenues, due to its proper nutrient content for livestock feed applications. Hexane extraction is also a profitable process when the scale is over 173 million kg of annual soybean oil production. Before EAEP can start to earn profits, the capacity must be scaled up to over 40 million kg of annual soybean oil production. Additionally, the enzyme recycling and moderate strategy of co-product handling are required. The co-product handling includes selling aqueous fraction and insoluble fibers derived from EAEP, as these materials can be used for further corn-soybean based bioethanol production.;Besides, environmental impact analysis is used to evaluate the potential environmental impact and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulted from these three oil extraction processes. The environmental impacts are evaluated based on mass balance of the processing; and is used to calculate environmental indices. The potential GHG emissions are estimated according to the energy consumption of the process. Results show, the EAEP and extruding-expelling have similar general environmental impacts, while hexane extraction has the highest environmental impact because the organic solvent, hexane is used as medium to extract oil. GHG emission results show, the extruding-expelling process has the highest GHG emissions due to its lower oil recovery and high-energy requirements needed to squeeze oil out from soybeans. By contrast, hexane extraction has the lowest GHG emissions because of its high oil recovery. Though the pretreatment of EAEP requires high-energy consumption, higher oil recovery than extruding-expelling process results in lower GHG emissions than the mechanical process.;In addition to the oil extraction process, co-product, distiller's dried grain with solubles (DDGS), from the corn-soybean integrated bioethanol production is another main revenue source to increase profits for the whole refinery system. The combination of sieving and aspiration is used to fractionate DDGS based on the physical properties of nutrients, especially the density profile. Particle size of DDGS and the flowrate used in aspiration are the main variables for fractionation. The proper combination and interaction of variables for protein and oil separation are higher flowrate, smaller particle sizes, and heavy fraction. The best efficiency for protein and oil separation reaches about 29.7% and 68.15% respectively. For fiber separation, a mild condition results in higher fiber content approximately 7%.
机译：大豆是全世界油料作物的主要来源之一。豆油是大豆精炼厂最常见的产品。它是食用油的资源，并具有其他食品和工业应用。技术经济分析（TEA）用于估算大豆油提取过程的经济可行性。分析了机械挤出-排出过程，己烷提取和酶辅助水提取过程（EAEP）。总资本投资，运营成本和收入是评估毛利润和净利润的三个基本指标。这些是制造企业经济可行性的一般指标。此外，现金流分析和敏感性分析可用于评估获利能力，同时考虑净现值（NPV）和单独制造的驱动力。;据此分析，挤出-挤出过程是一项有利可图且产品领先的过程，石油生产规模超过大豆年产量1200万公斤。除豆油外，豆粕还具有适合牲畜饲料的营养成分，可提供总收入的70％以上。当年豆油年产量超过1.73亿公斤时，萃取己烷也是一个有利可图的过程。在EAEP能够开始获利之前，必须将年大豆油的生产能力扩大到超过4000万公斤。另外，需要酶回收和适度的副产物处理策略。副产品处理包括出售来自EAEP的水馏分和不溶性纤维，因为这些材料可用于进一步的基于玉米-大豆的生物乙醇生产。此外，环境影响分析用于评估潜在的环境影响和温室气体（GHG） ）是这三个采油过程产生的排放。根据加工的质量平衡评估环境影响；并用于计算环境指数。潜在的温室气体排放是根据过程的能耗估算的。结果表明，EAEP和挤出-挤出对一般环境具有相似的影响，而己烷萃取对环境的影响最大，因为使用有机溶剂己烷作为萃取油的介质。温室气体排放结果表明，挤压-排出过程的温室气体排放量最高，这是由于其较低的采油率和从大豆中榨油所需的高能量要求。相比之下，己烷萃取由于其高采油率而具有最低的温室气体排放量。尽管EAEP的预处理需要消耗大量能源，但比挤出-挤出工艺更高的采油率比机械工艺可导致更低的GHG排放量；除了采油工艺外，副产品，蒸馏水和可溶物酒糟（DDGS）玉米-大豆综合生物乙醇的生产是增加整个炼油系统利润的另一主要收入来源。筛分和抽吸的结合可根据营养物的物理特性（尤其是密度分布）对DDGS进行分级。 DDGS的粒径和抽吸中使用的流速是分馏的主要变量。用于蛋白质和油分离的变量的正确组合和相互作用是较高的流速，较小的粒径和较大的馏分。蛋白质和油分离的最佳效率分别达到约29.7％和68.15％。对于纤维分离，温和的条件导致较高的纤维含量约为7％。

著录项

  • 作者

    Cheng, Ming-Hsun.;

  • 作者单位

    Iowa State University.;

  • 授予单位 Iowa State University.;
  • 学科 Agricultural engineering.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 199 p.
  • 总页数 199
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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