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Precipitation and Sea Level Rise Impacts on Groundwater Levels in Virginia Beach, Virginia

机译：弗吉尼亚州弗吉尼亚海滩的降水和海平面上升对地下水位的影响

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摘要

Global sea level rise (SLR) is one of the most immediate impacts of climate change, and poses a significant threat to low-lying coastal communities worldwide. The metropolitan region of Hampton Roads in Southeastern Virginia is one such community, and one where knowledge surrounding SLR is rapidly accumulating. However, most of the research is focused exclusively on surface water processes despite the presence of a shallow groundwater table closely connected to them. SLR will continue to cause the groundwater table to increase in tidally influenced areas of Hampton Roads, and thereby decrease storage capacity of the unsaturated zone.;This study investigates the spatial and temporal response of the groundwater table to SLR and precipitation. We choose a tidal watershed, West Neck Creek, in Hampton Roads was chosen to conduct a conceptual yet realistic simulation of the hydrologic cycle using historical precipitation data with SLR scenarios from 0 m (current) to 2 m in 0.3048 m intervals. Groundwater infiltration from the land surface, recharge, and evapotranspiration are modeled using the Unsaturated-Zone Flow package with MODFLOW-NWT. Groundwater rise is simulated by increasing the stage of the tidal stream that drains the watershed. Precipitation and overland runoff are simulated using the surface water model SWMM. The two models are coupled to permit the exchange of boundary condition values at each time step. An ensemble approach is taken to test model sensitivity to a variety of parameters.;The findings of the study demonstrated the potential for the effects of SLR-induced groundwater rise to become a damaging hazard to Virginia Beach communities and ecosystems. Most of the potential damages arose from increased interactions of groundwater levels with subsurface infrastructure. Additional runoff was found to be of lesser concern, because the prevalent soils in West Neck Creek are characterized by slow infiltration rates. The results of the sensitivity analysis provided encouraging results, in that changes in parameters did not have excessively large effects on forcing variables. Overall, this study provides a foundation to guide future scientific and engineering efforts to mitigate and adapt to the increasing threat of SLR-induced groundwater rise.
机译：全球海平面上升（SLR）是气候变化最直接的影响之一，并且对全世界低洼的沿海社区构成了重大威胁。弗吉尼亚东南部的汉普顿路大都市区就是这样一个社区，也是围绕单反相机的知识在迅速积累的社区。但是，尽管存在与之紧密相连的浅层地下水位，但大多数研究仅专注于地表水过程。 SLR将继续使潮汐影响区中的地下水位增加，从而降低非饱和区的储水量。;本研究调查了地下水位对SLR和降水的时空响应。我们选择了汉普顿路（Hampton Roads）的一个潮水流域西内克溪（West Neck Creek），以历史降水数据对水文循环进行概念性但现实的模拟，其单反率情景为0 m（当前）至2 m，间隔为0.3048 m。使用具有MODFLOW-NWT的不饱和区流软件包对从地表渗入地下水，补给和蒸散量进行了建模。通过增加排泄分水岭的潮流水位来模拟地下水的上升。使用地表水模型SWMM对降水和陆上径流进行了模拟。耦合两个模型以允许在每个时间步交换边界条件值。采取整体方法来测试模型对各种参数的敏感性。研究结果表明，单反相机引起的地下水上升可能对弗吉尼亚海滩的社区和生态系统造成破坏性危害。大多数潜在的损害是由于地下水水位与地下基础设施相互作用增加所致。人们发现较少关注径流，因为西内克河的普遍土壤的特征是入渗速度慢。敏感性分析的结果提供了令人鼓舞的结果，因为参数的变化对强迫变量没有太大的影响。总体而言，这项研究为指导未来的科学和工程工作以减轻和适应SLR引起的地下水上升的日益加剧的威胁提供了基础。

著录项

  • 作者

    Buzzanga, Brett A.;

  • 作者单位

    Old Dominion University.;

  • 授予单位 Old Dominion University.;
  • 学科 Hydrologic sciences.;Environmental science.;Geology.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 86 p.
  • 总页数 86
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 古生物学;
  • 关键词

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