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Tests of the Aharonov-Bohm effect.

机译：测试了Aharonov-Bohm效应。

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The Aharonov-Bohm effect was first proposed in 1959, and has stimulated discussion and controversy since the start. Seen by many as a purely quantum mechanical effect, it nevertheless involves such issues as gauge invariance and relativistic dynamics. This multi-faceted nature has led it to be considered a keystone of modern quantum theory. Over the past half-century, interest has remained strong in what many believe is still an open debate as to the purely quantum nature. Additionally, discovery of similar effects for particles other than electrons has further driven curiosity.;To better understand the issues such as electromagnetic mass and relativistic effects involved in the Aharonov-Bohm effect, a theoretical study of a simpler two particle system was done. The goal was to understand the manner in which mass of the system behaved strictly classically as compared to a relativistically. As a result of this, a Gedanken experiment is presented which serves as a test for covariance. The two particle system was extended to a spherical shell interacting with a single particle, and a second thought experiment put forth to explore a coupling between electromagnetism and gravitation.;In the course of searching for simpler systems which involved the same issues as the Aharonov-Bohm effect, a system presented in the Feynman Lectures of Physics was found to be appropriate. We conduct a complete relativistic analysis of this system as a step towards a full relativistic analysis of the Aharonov-Bohm effect.;Given the history and significance of the Aharonov-Bohm effect, it is perhaps surprising that relevant experimental tests had not been completed. For the first time, we searched for time delays as an electron passes a macroscopic solenoid. Such time delays are characteristic of classical forces acting on the electron. No such delays were found, seemingly confirming the standard viewpoint. It is still possible a classical explanation may exist for microscopic solenoids, though our experiment has served to place an upper limit for any such explanation.;The definitive experiment concerning the Aharonov-Bohm Effect has yet to be completed. Proposed by Zeilinger, it consists of showing the dispersionless nature of the effect. To accomplish this requires an electron interferometer capable of enclosing a larger area and operating at lower energies than any which currently exist. We are attempting to construct such an interferometer using a hybrid approach with a nanofabricated grating and electron bi-prism. We have shown that experimentally that this combination can produce a large beam separation and still retain sufficient coherence to function as an interferometer.
机译：Aharonov-Bohm效应最早是在1959年提出的，从一开始就引发了讨论和争议。在许多人看来，它只是一种纯粹的量子力学效应，但仍涉及诸如轨距不变性和相对论动力学等问题。这种多面性使它被认为是现代量子理论的基石。在过去的半个世纪中，人们对人们仍然抱有浓厚的兴趣，尽管许多人仍然认为，关于纯量子本质的争论仍在进行。此外，发现除电子以外的其他粒子具有相似的作用还进一步推动了人们的好奇心。为了更好地理解诸如阿哈罗诺夫-波姆效应所涉及的电磁质量和相对论效应等问题，我们对一个更简单的两粒子系统进行了理论研究。目的是要了解系统质量相对于相对论而言严格遵循经典的行为方式。结果，提出了Gedanken实验，该实验用作协方差检验。将两个粒子系统扩展为与单个粒子相互作用的球形壳，然后进行了第二个思想实验，以探索电磁与引力之间的耦合。在寻找更简单的系统时，该系统涉及与Aharonov-发现在费曼物理学讲座中介绍的系统鲍姆效应是合适的。我们对该系统进行了完整的相对论分析，这是朝着对阿哈罗诺夫-博姆效应的全面相对论分析迈出的一步。鉴于阿哈罗诺夫-博姆效应的历史和意义，相关实验测试尚未完成可能令人惊讶。第一次，我们搜索了电子通过宏观螺线管时的时延。这种时间延迟是作用在电子上的经典力的特征。没有发现此类延误，似乎证实了标准观点。尽管我们的实验已经为任何此类解释设定了上限，但仍然有可能对微观螺线管进行经典解释。有关阿哈罗诺夫-鲍姆效应的确定性实验尚未完成。由Zeilinger提出，它包括显示效果的无分散性。为此，需要一种电子干涉仪，该电子干涉仪能够包围更大的区域并以比目前存在的能量更低的能量工作。我们正在尝试使用具有纳米加工光栅和电子双棱镜的混合方法来构建这种干涉仪。我们已经通过实验表明，这种组合可以产生较大的光束间隔，并且仍然保持足够的相干性以用作干涉仪。

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