The relationship between science and literature is an expanding area of scholarly interest which remains underrepresented within the field of Germanistik. This dissertation will attempt to close the gap by focusing on the interactions between the selected works of Franz Kafka, Rainer Maria Rilke, Thomas Mann, and Robert Musil, and the scientific outlooks which began to emerge in the nineteenth century primarily by focusing on the concept of observation. Observation is a concept important for the period of my investigation because it signified a major shift in consciousness. The prior facile division into impartial experimenter and observed phenomenon, so characteristic of the empirical science of the nineteenth century, gave way to a world-picture in which observed phenomena were understood as no longer independent of one's will but as to some extent at least contingent upon the observer's position with respect to these phenomena, and goals, tools, and methods of investigation.;A discussion of the problem of the relations between science and literature as a historically contingent phenomenon, in the introduction, precedes chapters delineating the connections of specific literary texts to the ideas of particular scientists. An example of such a pairing is the proposed exploration of Kafka's short story "The Report to the Academy" in the light of Darwin's treatment of the relationship between biological observer and specimen (the object of observation). Other scientists central to my study, and whose methods will also be treated in tandem with relevant literary works, are Ernst Mach, Sigmund Freud, and Albert Einstein.;This interdisciplinary study will show in new detail that literary texts do not simply reflect the ideas, desires, and fears produced by science; instead that both the literature and science of the period under investigation are permeated by similar sets of underlying assumptions about the world and man's place in it.
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机译：科学与文学之间的关系是学术兴趣的一个不断扩展的领域，在Germanistik领域中仍然没有得到足够的代表。本论文将通过关注弗朗茨·卡夫卡（Franz Kafka），雷纳·玛丽亚·里尔克（Rainer Maria Rilke），托马斯·曼恩（Thomas Mann）和罗伯特·穆西尔（Robert Musil）的精选作品之间的相互作用，以及通过关注这一概念而在19世纪开始出现的科学前景，试图缩小差距的观察。观察是我研究期间重要的概念，因为它表示意识的重大转变。先前将其轻松地划分为公正的实验者和观察到的现象，这是19世纪经验科学的特征，而被一幅世界图画所取代，在该现象中，观察到的现象不再被理解为独立于意志，而至少在一定程度上是偶然的在观察者对这些现象的立场，目标，工具和研究方法上的立场。；在引言中，关于科学与文学之间的关系作为历史偶然现象的问题的讨论，在描述特定关系之间的章节之前。特定科学家想法的文学著作。这种配对的一个例子是根据达尔文对生物学观察者和标本（观察对象）之间关系的处理，对卡夫卡的短篇小说《向学院的报告》的探索。恩斯特·马赫（Ernst Mach），西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（Sigmund Freud）和阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（Albert Einstein）是我研究的中心科学家，这些人的方法也将与相关文学作品一并处理;这项跨学科研究将以新的细节显示文学文本不能简单地反映思想科学产生的欲望和恐惧；取而代之的是，所研究时期的文学和科学都充斥着关于世界和人类在其中的位置的类似的基本假设。
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