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Kafka’s failing migrant and spaces for integration in contemporary German and American literature

机译：卡夫卡的失败移民和融入当代德国和美国文学的空间

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In this comparative study of Kafka’s The Man who Disappeared, Özdamar’s Mother Tongue and Mengestu’s The Beautiful Things That Heaven Bears, I examine the complex processes of integration and exclusion of the figure of ‘the migrant’ that are at work in each of these texts. In Kafka’s novelistic fragment the space for integration is gradually undone—a process that is suggested in the title of the novel itself: “The Man who Disappeared.” Özdamar and Mengestu, on the other hand, construct spaces where the possibility of integration is not ruled out. To be sure, Mengestu’s African immigrant, who runs a small store in a gentrifying American city, resembles Kafka’s protagonist in many respects. However, unlike Kafka’s two-dimensional character, who remains radically marginalised, Mengestu’s immigrant develops a strong sense of belonging, asserting a place of his own in his American-Ethiopian diaspora. The claim for ownership is also prominent in Özdamar’s stories, albeit differently. The Turkish-German author Özdamar works through the linguistic complexities of the migrant’s many tongues, forming a linguistic synthesis—or ‘third language’—that opens up other spaces for integration. This contrastive comparison will shed new light on different literary dealings with the figure of ‘the migrant,’ distinguishing the uncompromising failure of Kafka’s migrant from more “successful” integrations through developments of third (linguistic) spaces in contemporary literature.
机译：在对卡夫卡的《消失的男人》，厄兹达玛的母语和孟加斯图的《天堂所载的美丽事物》进行的比较研究中，我研究了每种文本中都在起作用的整合和排斥“移民”人物的复杂过程。在卡夫卡的小说片段中，融合的空间逐渐消失了，这是小说本身的标题：“消失的男人”所建议的过程。另一方面，Özdamar和Mengestu构建了不排除整合可能性的空间。可以肯定的是，孟加斯都的非洲移民在一个高档的美国城市里经营着一家小商店，在许多方面都与卡夫卡的主角相似。但是，与卡夫卡的二维角色（仍然被边缘化）不同，孟加斯图的移民发展出强烈的归属感，在他的美国-埃塞俄比亚侨民中确立了自己的位置。所有权主张在厄兹达玛的故事中也很突出，尽管有所不同。土耳其-德国作家Özdamar致力于解决移民多种语言的语言复杂性，形成语言综合（或“第三语言”），从而为融合提供了其他空间。这种对比性的比较将为“移徙者”的形象在不同的​​文学处理上提供新的视角，从而通过现代文学中第三（语言）空间的发展，将卡夫卡移徙者毫不妥协的失败与更“成功”的融合区别开来。

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