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The economics of urban water policy: Infrastructure, scarcity, and conservation.

机译：城市水政策的经济学：基础设施，稀缺性和保护性。

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摘要

This research focuses on urban water policy. The three papers extend the literature through economic application, taking theory in a direction that informs water resource managers on optimal decision-making or a better approach to management. Three primary results are: first, that the optimal infrastructure investment path is impacted by existing capital stock, water policy, and the size of the customer base served. Second, optimally managed, optimally priced urban groundwater mitigates aquifer drawdown and generates excess revenue that may be used for capital investment. Third, to achieve water conservation through non-price methods, managers should use a neighborhood, community-organized approach.;Water systems across the United States need money for infrastructure repair and replacement. Utility level investment needs are grounded in existing infrastructure that is nearing the end of its economic life in a time of unparalleled population growth, suggesting that optimal investment should reflect the same. Chapter 2 presents a model that develops the optimal investment decision and uses two-stage least squares to test it. Consistent with model predictions, the empirical results show how the effects of population, capital, and existing policy influence infrastructure investment. The estimates indicate that per capita stock has a lagged impact on per capita investment and that increasing new customer connection costs reduces investment need more than increasing water rates to existing customers.;Western U.S. water supplies are increasingly scarce due to, among other things, population growth and climate change. These two realities imply that increased scarcity may lead to over-consumption, premature resource exhaustion, and shortages. Chapter 3 develops a hydro-economic model of social welfare maximization constrained by water availability. The model provides optimal water use and the efficient price. A dynamic simulation model suggests that, for Albuquerque, New Mexico, current water prices are 20 percent of the price level that includes scarcity value. Investing the scarcity value in water infrastructure is one way to overcome regulatory pricing barriers and allocate water efficiently thus solving two problems with a single policy-prescription.;Scarcity requires residents of arid, heavily populated regions of the U.S. to increase water conservation or face the consequence of shortfalls. As an impure public good, conserved water is subject to free-riding behavior. Chapter 4 considers a demand side, non-price management alternative to promote water conservation. Using experimental economics, this paper explores the extent to which community interaction impacts consumption. In a context rich, induced value environment participants are asked to allocate water between their group's public source and private use. Three treatments vary group size, information, and communication to simulate actions a water manager could take to promote conservation. The results show that small group size and communication promote conservation, but the role of information is mixed.
机译：这项研究的重点是城市用水政策。这三篇论文通过经济应用扩展了文献，将理论推向了水资源管理者最佳决策或更好管理方法的方向。三个主要结果是：首先，最佳的基础设施投资路径会受到现有资本存量，水资源政策以及所服务客户群规模的影响。第二，最优管理，最优定价的城市地下水可减轻含水层的下降，并产生可用于资本投资的超额收入。第三，为了通过非价格方法实现节水，管理者应采用社区组织的邻里方式。美国的供水系统需要资金来维修和更换基础设施。公用事业水平的投资需求以现有基础设施为基础，而在人口空前增长的时期，该基础设施的经济寿命已接近尾声，这表明最佳投资应反映出同样的条件。第2章介绍了一个模型，该模型可以开发最佳投资决策并使用两阶段最小二乘方对其进行测试。与模型预测一致，经验结果表明人口，资本和现有政策的影响如何影响基础设施投资。估算表明，人均存量对人均投资产生了滞后影响，与增加现有客户的水费相比，增加新的客户连接成本减少的投资需求更多。美国西部的供水日益短缺，原因是人口众多增长和气候变化。这两个现实表明，稀缺性的增加可能导致过度消费，过早的资源枯竭和短缺。第三章建立了用水受限的社会福利最大化的水-经济模型。该模型提供了最佳的用水量和有效的价格。动态模拟模型表明，对于新墨西哥州的阿尔伯克基，当前的水价是包括稀缺价值在内的水价的20％。投资水基础设施的稀缺价值是克服监管价格障碍和有效分配水的一种方法，从而用一个单一的政策规定即可解决两个问题。稀缺性要求美国干旱，人口稠密地区的居民加强节水或面对水资源短缺。短缺的后果。作为一种不纯净的公共物品，养护水易受搭便车行为的影响。第4章考虑了需求方的非价格管理替代方案，以促进节水。本文使用实验经济学来探讨社区互动影响消费的程度。在丰富的，具有创造价值的环境中，要求参与者在其团体的公共水源和私人用水之间分配水。三种处理方法可改变小组规模，信息和沟通方式，以模拟水管理者可以采取的促进保护的行动。结果表明，小组规模小和交流促进保护，但信息的作用是混杂的。

著录项

  • 作者

    Hansen, Jason K.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of New Mexico.;

  • 授予单位 The University of New Mexico.;
  • 学科 Economics General.;Water Resource Management.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 162 p.
  • 总页数 162
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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