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'Not the race of Dante': Southern Italians as undesirable Americans.

机译：“不是但丁的种族”：南部的意大利人是不受欢迎的美国人。

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摘要

This dissertation argues that the movement to restrict European immigration to the United States in the early 1900s was critically supported by a set of ideas that the dissertation refers to as "classic racialism." Derived from several intellectual traditions - such as anthropology, biology, criminology, eugenics and zoology - classic racialism posited that differences in human population groups were biologically determined and hereditary, and because of this fact, American nativists held that the "new" immigration to the United States had to be curtailed in order to save the American Anglo-Saxon racial stock. The dissertation uses Italian immigration to the United States as a case study for understanding the fluidity of racial and biological thought. While classic racialism played a key role in supporting nativists' calls for immigration restriction, advances in methods of scientific research were revolutionizing the fields of biology, genetics and anthropology. Research in these fields cast doubts on the veracity of intellectual claims made by classic racialists, which were increasingly untenable in the light of advancing scientific knowledge. The tensions between these competing intellectual paradigms of classic racialism and modern experimentalism in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-centuries reveal the esoteric nature of scientific revolutions, in that the uncertainty and complexity of the developing biological and genetic sciences kept knowledge of scientific advances in these fields restricted to a narrow audience of professional scientists and academics. While modern experimental biology raised significant scientific doubts about the principles of classic racialism, it was the latter that influenced American immigration policy in the 1920s because of classic racialism's simplicity and the broad public recognition that "like produces like."
机译：本文认为，在1900年代初期限制欧洲移民到美国的运动得到了一系列被论文称为“经典种族主义”的观念的支持。经典种族主义源于人类学，生物学，犯罪学，优生学和动物学等几种智力传统，认为人类群体之间的差异是生物学决定和遗传的，因此，美国本土主义者认为，“新”移民是为了节省美国盎格鲁撒克逊人的种族存量，美国必须受到限制。本文以意大利移民到美国为例，以了解种族和生物学思想的流动性。尽管经典的种族主义在支持本土主义者呼吁限制移民方面发挥了关键作用，但科学研究方法的进步正在彻底改变生物学，遗传学和人类学领域。这些领域的研究使人们怀疑经典种族主义者提出的知识主张的准确性，鉴于科学知识的发展，这种主张变得越来越站不住脚了。在19世纪末和20世纪初，经典种族主义和现代实验主义的这些竞争性知识范式之间的紧张关系揭示了科学革命的深奥本质，因为不断发展的生物和遗传科学的不确定性和复杂性使科学进步的知识不断积累。这些领域仅限于一小部分专业科学家和学者。尽管现代实验生物学对经典种族主义的原理提出了重大的科学怀疑，但由于经典种族主义的简单性和“喜欢产生喜欢”的广泛公众认知，正是后者影响了1920年代的美国移民政策。

著录项

  • 作者

    Mezzano, Michael John, Jr.;

  • 作者单位

    Boston College.;

  • 授予单位 Boston College.;
  • 学科 History United States.;History of Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 580 p.
  • 总页数 580
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 美洲史;自然科学史;
  • 关键词

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