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Predicting memory activity using spatial correlation.

机译:使用空间相关性预测记忆活动。

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摘要

The memory wall continues to pose a performance bottleneck for computer systems---studies show that modern servers spend up to two-thirds of execution time stalled on memory accesses. Although recent trends forecast growth in processor clock frequencies to be minimal, improvements to memory access latencies are correspondingly slow. Traditional approaches, such as large on-chip caches, hardware multithreading, and out-of-order processing, demonstrate some success at mitigating the impact of high memory latencies, but offer little hope of completely overcoming the memory wall.;Although SMS is practical and effective, it loses significant opportunity for performance improvement because it predicts spatial layouts in isolation. To overcome this fundamental limitation, we adapt temporal correlation to predict order across spatial layouts. We exploit the repetitive temporal characteristics of spatial accesses in Spatio-Temporal Memory Streaming (STeMS), a hardware prefetching technique that combines spatial and temporal predictions into a single total predicted miss sequence. Across our suite of commercial workloads, we demonstrate that STeMS achieves equal or better prediction coverage and application speedup than either temporal or spatial memory streaming alone.;Prefetching/streaming techniques have been proposed for predicting and eliminating misses in desktop, scientific, and engineering applications, but are less effective across commercial workloads, which exhibit data dependent and irregular memory behaviors. Though complex, commercial server applications nevertheless organize their data in a structured manner and at large granularity. In this thesis, we explore spatial correlation of access patterns that span page-sized regions of memory. We develop mechanisms for accurately observing and predicting repetitive spatial layouts, which lead us to propose Spatial Memory Streaming (SMS), a hardware prefetcher that exploits spatial correlation to predict cache misses in server workloads.
机译:内存壁仍然是计算机系统的性能瓶颈,研究表明,现代服务器最多要花三分之二的执行时间停滞在内存访问上。尽管最近的趋势预测处理器时钟频率的增长将达到最小,但是内存访问延迟的改进相应地却很慢。传统方法,例如大型片上高速缓存,硬件多线程和乱序处理,在减轻高存储延迟的影响方面取得了一些成功,但几乎没有希望完全克服内存壁。有效的方法是,它会孤立地预测空间布局,因此失去了大量的性能提升机会。为了克服此基本限制,我们采用时间相关性来预测空间布局中的顺序。我们利用时空内存流(STeMS)中的空间访问的重复时间特征,这是一种将空间和时间预测合并为单个总预测缺失序列的硬件预取技术。在我们的所有商业工作负载套件中,我们证明STeMS可以实现比单独的时空或空间内存流更相等或更好的预测覆盖率和应用程序速度。提出了预取/流技术来预测和消除台式机,科学和工程应用程序中的遗漏,但是在显示数据依赖性和不规则内存行为的商业工作负载中效果不佳。尽管很复杂,但是商用服务器应用程序仍然以结构化的方式和大粒度组织数据。在本文中,我们探讨了跨越内存页面大小区域的访问模式的空间相关性。我们开发了用于精确观察和预测重复空间布局的机制,这使我们提出了空间内存流(SMS),这是一种硬件预取器,可以利用空间相关性来预测服务器工作负载中的缓存未命中。

著录项

  • 作者

    Somogyi, Stephen Wendell.;

  • 作者单位

    Carnegie Mellon University.;

  • 授予单位 Carnegie Mellon University.;
  • 学科 Engineering Electronics and Electrical.;Computer Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 89 p.
  • 总页数 89
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:38:19

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