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Finite Element Modeling and Simulations of Tractor-Trailer Impacts on Highway Median Barriers

机译：牵引车对公路中间障碍物影响的有限元建模与仿真

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摘要

Roadside safety hardware systems play a vital role in reducing both the number and severity of multi-vehicular collisions by preventing errant vehicles from traversing through an open median into oncoming traffic. The safety hardware used to prevent cross-median crashes are categorized into flexible, semi-rigid, and rigid barriers based on the allowable deflection and energy absorption of the barrier system. Various barrier systems exist in each category and are required to be evaluated using full-scale crash tests prior to installation approval. Although the majority of the barrier systems are only tested using small- and medium-sized passenger vehicles, impact scenarios involving heavy vehicles (i.e., tractor-trailers) should be investigated to further understand the performance limits of barrier systems and create a safer environment for all vehicles on the road. While full-scale crash tests are useful in understanding the post-impact behavior of a vehicle and a barrier system's redirection capabilities, they are expensive to conduct and are limited by the number of crash scenarios that can be investigated efficiently and effectively. In this research, a finite element model of a full-scale tractor-trailer was improved, validated against full-scale crash test data, and used to simulate crash scenarios on flexible, semi-rigid, and rigid median barriers installed on flat and sloped terrain. The standardized impact conditions and evaluation criteria were utilized for these crash scenarios to assess the median barrier performance, the tractor-trailer post-impact behavior, and the occupant injury risk based on impact severity.
机译：路边安全硬件系统通过防止错误的车辆经过开放的中间路线进入来往的交通，在减少多车碰撞的次数和严重性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。根据防护系统的允许挠度和能量吸收，用于防止跨中间碰撞的安全硬件可分为柔性，半刚性和刚性防护栏。每种类别中都存在各种屏障系统，并且需要在安装批准之前使用全面的碰撞测试进行评估。尽管大多数障碍系统仅使用中小型乘用车进行测试，但应调查涉及重型车辆（即牵引拖车）的撞击情况，以进一步了解障碍系统的性能极限并为以下情况创造更安全的环境：路上的所有车辆。虽然全面的碰撞测试对于理解车辆的碰撞后行为和屏障系统的重定向功能很有用，但是它们的执行成本很高，并且受到可以有效调查的碰撞场景数量的限制。在这项研究中，改进了全挂牵引车的有限元模型，并针对全碰撞测试数据进行了验证，并用于模拟在平坦和倾斜状态下安装的柔性，半刚性和刚性中间屏障上的碰撞情况地形。针对这些碰撞情况，使用了标准的撞击条件和评估标准，以根据撞击的严重性评估中位屏障性能，牵引车-拖车的撞击后行为以及乘员受伤的风险。

著录项

  • 作者

    Gutowski, Matthew T.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of North Carolina at Charlotte.;

  • 授予单位 The University of North Carolina at Charlotte.;
  • 学科 Mechanical engineering.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 251 p.
  • 总页数 251
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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