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Characterization and amelioration of yield-limiting soil variability in Florida citrus production.

机译：佛罗里达柑桔生产中限制产量的土壤变异性的表征和改善。

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摘要

Soil variability is a common problem in Florida citrus production. However, only limited progress has been made in characterizing and managing soil variability to identify and rectify the limitations, to maximize profit, or reduce environmental impacts.;Therefore, this study was designed to characterize wide-ranging aspects of variability in these sandy soils and to develop methods to ameliorate critical limiting factors affecting Florida citrus production. To achieve this, a citrus grove was divided into five productivity zones based on tree canopy volume using geographic information system software. These five zones were termed "very poor," "poor," "medium," "good," and "very good" productivity zones. To characterize horizontal and vertical soil variability of chemical, physical, mineralogical and biological properties, six random soil samples were collected from each productivity zone at depth increments of 0--15, 15--30, 30--45 and 45--60 cm. Soil organic matter, nutrient concentrations, soil color, sand content and water retention parameters varied greatly along the productivity zone and the soil depth. Soil organic matter, sand grain coatings, soil color and soil permanent wilting point contributed significantly to the predictive models developed using partial least squares (PLS) regression. These models explained 54 to 71% variance for canopy volume, which increased with the increased root zone depth. For amelioration, two greenhouse experiments with sorghum and radish as bioassay crops were used to study productivity zone, water content, soil amendment, and rate of amendment. The results revealed that application of cheap byproducts like phosphatic clay or iron water treatment residuals at 5 % rates can increase water retention and productivity in the poor areas. These amendments can be cost effective when applied at planting to each tree, and can increase profit in few years when applied to low-yielding areas. In addition, applying frequent small irrigations can enhance water availability in the excessively drained sandy soils of the weakest production zones.;The results of this study will assist in planning soil sampling, characterizing soil variability, making land use decisions, and ameliorating unproductive areas of both new fields and established citrus groves. Careful management of soil variability can improve crop production, increase revenue, and reduce potential environmental contamination.
机译：土壤变异性是佛罗里达州柑桔生产中的常见问题。但是，在表征和管理土壤变异性以识别和纠正局限性，最大化利润或减少环境影响方面仅取得了有限的进展;因此，本研究旨在表征这些沙质土壤的广泛变异性。开发改善影响佛罗里达柑橘生产的关键限制因素的方法。为了实现这一目标，使用地理信息系统软件，根据树冠的数量，将柑橘林划分为五个生产力区。这五个区域被称为“非常贫穷”，“贫穷”，“中等”，“好”和“非常好”生产力区。为了表征水平和垂直土壤在化学，物理，矿物和生物学特性方面的变异性，从每个生产力区以0--15、15--30、30--45和45--60的深度增量收集了六个随机土壤样品厘米。土壤有机质，养分浓度，土壤颜色，沙含量和保水参数随生产力区和土壤深度的不同而有很大差异。土壤有机质，沙粒涂层，土壤颜色和土壤永久性枯萎点对使用偏最小二乘（PLS）回归建立的预测模型有显着贡献。这些模型解释了冠层体积的54％至71％的方差，该方差随根区深度的增加而增加。为了改善这一状况，使用了两个以高粱和萝卜作为生物测定农作物的温室试验来研究生产力区，水分含量，土壤改良剂和改良率。结果表明，以5％的比例施用廉价的副产品（如磷化粘土或铁水处理残渣）可以提高贫困地区的保水率和生产率。这些修正案在种植到每棵树上时可能具有成本效益，而在低产地区则可以在几年内增加利润。此外，经常进行小规模灌溉可以提高最弱产区排水过度的沙质土壤的水分利用率。本研究的结果将有助于规划土壤采样，表征土壤变异性，做出土地使用决策并改善非生产区。既有新领域，也有成熟的柑橘林。认真管理土壤变异性可以提高作物产量，增加收入并减少潜在的环境污染。

著录项

  • 作者

    Mann, Kirandeep Kaur.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Florida.;

  • 授予单位 University of Florida.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Soil Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 368 p.
  • 总页数 368
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 土壤学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:38:29

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