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首页> 外文学位 >The impact of pension policy on older adults' life satisfaction: An analysis of longitudinal multilevel data.
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The impact of pension policy on older adults' life satisfaction: An analysis of longitudinal multilevel data.

机译：养老金政策对老年人生活满意度的影响：纵向多层次数据分析。

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This study assesses the influence of old-age pension policy on older adults' life satisfaction, and examines factors that shape this relationship. It theorizes that two distinct dimensions capture variation in the type of pension policy: individualization of risk (as opposed to socialization, or pooling, of risk) and redistribution of resources (that is, poverty prevention through income redistribution mechanisms such as noncontributory pensions). To empirically evaluate the presence of these two dimensions and to assess their influence of life satisfaction among older adults, this study analyzes data for 126,560 adults age 45 and over living in 91 countries over the period 1981-2008. Using principal component factor analysis, it finds support for the two-dimensional model of pension policy. Next, using three-level hierarchical linear regression, this study assesses the effects of pension policy individualization and redistribution on life satisfaction, generating three additional major findings. First, redistribution increases life satisfaction, but individualization---on average---has no significant effect on life satisfaction. Thus, the potential impact of individualization (whether positive or negative), and of the associated increased risk, choice, and opportunities for return, has been clearly overstated in theoretical debates on pension policy privatization. Second, the relationship between pension policy and life satisfaction is contingent on the macro-social context. Specifically, individualization that takes place in more affluent societies has beneficial impact on life satisfaction, while individualization unfolding in contexts of material scarcity has detrimental impact on life satisfaction. Further, the overall beneficial effects of redistribution on life satisfaction are substantially higher in the context of traditional cultures and lower in the context of secular-rational cultures. A third finding is that governmental commitment to social security (i.e., government expenditures on social security as a percentage of total government expenditures) also shapes the relationship between the type of pension policy and life satisfaction: Higher government commitment to social security substantially improves the life satisfaction outcomes of individualization. Findings from this study are used to integrate and advance theory on comparative public policy and the larger macro-social context shaping subjective well-being. Policy implications for pension reform are discussed, highlighting redistribution of resources and alleviation of need as more efficient avenues to increase older adults' life satisfaction than privatization or pooling of risk.;Keywords. pension policy, aging, subjective well-being, life satisfaction, individualization, redistribution, hierarchical linear modeling.
机译：这项研究评估了养老金政策对老年人生活满意度的影响，并研究了影响这种关系的因素。它的理论是两个不同的维度反映了养老金政策类型的差异：风险的个体化（相对于风险的社会化或分担风险）和资源的再分配（即通过收入分配机制（例如非缴费型养老金）来预防贫困）。为了从经验上评估这两个维度的存在并评估它们对老年人的生活满意度的影响，本研究分析了1981-2008年期间来自91个国家的126560名45岁及以上成年人的数据。通过使用主成分因子分析，可以找到对养老金政策的二维模型的支持。接下来，使用三级分层线性回归，本研究评估了养老金政策个性化​​和再分配对生活满意度的影响，并产生了另外三个主要发现。首先，重新分配可以提高生活满意度，但是平均而言，个体化对生活满意度没有显着影响。因此，在养老金政策私有化的理论辩论中，个体化（无论是正面还是负面）以及随之而来的风险，选择和回报机会的增加所带来的潜在影响已被明显夸大了。第二，养老金政策与生活满意度之间的关系取决于宏观社会背景。具体而言，在较富裕的社会中发生的个性化对生活满意度有有益的影响，而在物质匮乏的情况下展开的个性化对生活满意度有不利的影响。此外，在传统文化的背景下，再分配对生活满意度的总体有益影响要高得多，在世俗理性文化的背景下要低得多。第三个发现是，政府对社会保障的承诺（即政府在社会保障方面的支出占政府总支出的百分比）也影响了养老金政策类型与生活满意度之间的关系：政府对社会保障的更高承诺大大改善了生活个性化的满意度结果。这项研究的结果被用来整合和推进有关比较公共政策和更大范围的宏观社会环境塑造主观幸福感的理论。讨论了养老金改革对政策的影响，强调了资源的重新分配和对需求的缓解，这是比私有化或风险分担更有效的途径，可以提高老年人的生活满意度。养老金政策，老龄化，主观幸福感，生活满意度，个性化，再分配，分层线性建模。

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