• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文学位 >Reproductive health of women in developing countries and human development: A test of Sen's theory.
【24h】

Reproductive health of women in developing countries and human development: A test of Sen's theory.

机译：发展中国家妇女的生殖健康与人类发展：对森理论的检验。

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

The purpose of this study is to extend prior research on reproductive health in developing countries and to examine the utility of the extended model for the social work profession. This study applied Nobel Prize--winning economist Amartya Sen's theoretical propositions on human development to reproductive health of women in developing countries. His approach is a social development--based, capability and freedom method to improve human well-being. Applications of this method considerably modify the previous, epidemiological, coercive and value-based models and provide a more comprehensive humanistic model of reproductive health, thus contributing to an improved public health model of reproductive health of women in developing countries. Sen's theoretical propositions argue that political and economic growth has a direct effect on social development and that social development has a direct effect on both reproductive capability or freedom and reproductive health. Additionally, reproductive capability or freedom is argued to have a direct effect on reproductive health.;The data for this study was obtained from 142 developing countries. This study used secondary data for the analysis, collected by various international nongovernmental organizations such as the U.N., WHO, and the World Bank. Economic growth was measured using GDP per parity. Political development was measured using (1) the Economists Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy (Demindex), (2) two of the indicators of the Vanhanen Scale of Democratization: (i) the percentage share of the smaller parties and independents of the votes cast in parliamentary elections or seats in the parliament (Compete) and (ii) the percentage of the population that voted in the previous election (Partici).;Social development was measured using (1) adult literacy rate (percent ages 15 and above) (adultlit), (2) total public expenditure as a percent of health expenditure (Pubex), (3) social security expenditure as percent of public expenditure on health (Socialsec), (4) population without access to water sources (Water1), and (5) telephone and Internet users per 10,000 population (Tele). Reproductive freedom was measured by (1) deliveries attended by skilled attendants (Skillper), (2) pregnant women who received prenatal care (Precare), (3) 1-year-olds fully immunized (Immun1), (4) contraceptive prevalence rate (Contra), (5) abortion policies (Abopol), and (6) percentage of girls married before age 18 (bmage18). Reproductive health was measured by (1) births per 1,000 women aged 15--19 (Birthwo), (2) Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) (Infant), (3) maternal mortality rate (per 100,000) (Matmort), (4) total fertility rate (TFR), and (5) percentage of children stunted under the age of 5 (Stuntnew). Measures were tested for validity using factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis; reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha. The model was tested using both path analysis and the structural equation method.;Study results from path analysis found total support for all paths specified as well as overall model fit. However, the structural equation method did not find support for overall model fit; in addition, no direct effect was found between social development and reproductive health, only an indirect effect through reproductive capability. It is clear that this study suffered from measurement error because of using cross-national data coming from several bodies, collected from several different years.;Despite partial support, Sen's theory has several implications for the field of social work as well as for the field of reproductive health of women in developing countries. It is a theory that is congruent with social work values, as well as a more advanced theory than current perspectives guiding social work. Additionally, this theory can help us bring reproductive health, a field of study that is on the backburner of social work practice, to the forefront.
机译：这项研究的目的是扩展对发展中国家生殖健康的先前研究，并研究扩展模型对社会工作专业的实用性。这项研究将诺贝尔奖获得者，经济学家阿玛蒂亚·森（Amartya Sen）关于人类发展的理论命题应用到发展中国家妇女的生殖健康中。他的方法是一种基于社会发展，能力和自由的方法，可以改善人类的福祉。这种方法的应用大大地改变了以前的流行病学，强制性和基于价值的模式，并提供了更全面的人道生殖健康模型，从而有助于改善发展中国家妇女生殖健康的公共卫生模型。森的理论主张认为，政治和经济增长对社会发展有直接影响，社会发展对生殖能力或自由与生殖健康都有直接影响。另外，生殖能力或自由被认为对生殖健康有直接影响。这项研究的数据来自142个发展中国家。这项研究使用了次要数据进行分析，这些数据是由联合国，世界卫生组织和世界银行等各种国际非政府组织收集的。经济增长是使用每平价GDP来衡量的。政治发展是使用（1）经济学家情报部的民主指数（Demindex），（2）Vanhanen民主化规模指标中的两个指标来衡量的：（i）较小的政党和独立人士所占的百分比议会选举或议会中的席位（竞争）和（ii）上次选举中投票的人口百分比（Partici）;;社会发展的衡量标准是（1）成人识字率（15岁及以上的百分比）（成人），（2）公共总支出占卫生支出的百分比（Pubex），（3）社会保障支出占卫生公共支出的百分比（Socialsec），（4）无法获得水源的人口（Water1）和（ 5）每10,000人的电话和互联网用户（Tele）。生殖自由的衡量标准是：（1）熟练服务员（Skillper）接生，（2）接受产前保健的孕妇（Precare），（3）1岁全程免疫的儿童（Immun1），（4）避孕普及率（反对），（5）流产政策（Abopol）和（6）18岁之前结婚的女孩百分比（bmage18）。生殖健康的衡量标准是：（1）每千名15--19岁妇女的出生数（出生）；（2）婴儿死亡率（每千名活产儿）（婴儿）；（3）孕产妇死亡率（每十万产妇）（Matmort） ，（4）总生育率（TFR）和（5）5岁以下发育不良的儿童的百分比（Stuntnew）。使用因素分析和验证性因素分析对措施的有效性进行了测试；可靠性使用Cronbach's alpha进行测量。使用路径分析和结构方程方法对模型进行了测试。路径分析的研究结果发现，对指定的所有路径都具有完全支持，并且对模型整体进行拟合。但是，结构方程法没有找到支持整体模型拟合的方法。此外，在社会发展与生殖健康之间没有发现直接影响，只是通过生殖能力产生了间接影响。显然，由于使用了来自不同年份的多个机构的跨国数据，该研究遭受了测量误差。;尽管获得了部分支持，但森的理论对社会工作领域以及该领域都有着一些启示发展中国家妇女的生殖健康状况。它是与社会工作价值观相一致的理论，也是比当前指导社会工作的观点更先进的理论。此外，该理论还可以帮助我们将生殖健康作为社会工作实践的重中之重的研究领域，推向最前沿。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号