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Evaluating natural and induced resistance of broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. italica) against Pieris rapae

机译：评估西兰花（甘蓝变种）对菜青虫的天然和诱导抗性

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摘要

Pieris rapae is an insect pest the feeds exclusively on species of the Brassicaceae. It is a serious economic pest in commercial horticulture as larvae chew large holes in leaves, can destroy developing heads of broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage, and otherwise contaminate or stain produce, rendering it unmarketable. P. rapae is notoriously difficult to manage in organic production systems, and organic brassica growers traditionally rely upon floating row covers or biopesticides to prevent feeding damage. Natural pest resistance is important when making cultivar recommendations for production systems with limited pest management options, and our research evaluates natural and induced resistance in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) against P. rapae with a focus on the roles that glucosinolates (GSLs) play in resistance. GSLs are constitutive and inducible secondary metabolites in members of the Brassicaceae and are toxic to generalist insect pests. However, the relationship between GSL and P. rapae, a brassica specialist, is complex and not well understood. A controlled greenhouse study evaluated the effects of P. rapae herbivory on GSL induction and subsequent larval growth and performance on two broccoli cultivars ('Beneforte' and 'Green Magic') that varied in concentration of two GSLs, glucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin. Our results show that neoglucobrassicin and glucobrassicin concentrations did not significantly increase as a result of herbivory, but the overall growth and performance of P. rapae was influenced by cultivar. Larvae consumed less total leaf area and weighed less as pupae when feeding on 'Beneforte', which also had a significantly higher glucobrassicin concentration, indicating that cultivar may be important in resistance against P. rapae. A field study performed at two certified organic farms in Minnesota in 2015 and 2016 evaluated six broccoli cultivars ('Belstar,' 'Fiesta,' 'Green Magic,' 'Marathon,' 'Packman,' and 'Thompson') for natural resistance to P. rapae and for yield performance. The cultivars in this study did not significantly differ in susceptibility to P. rapae infestation, and neoglucobrassicin and glucobrassicin concentrations did not explain P. rapae egg and larval abundance. We conclude that cultivar selection should not be based on natural resistance to pests in this case but rather based on cultivar performance. 'Belstar,' 'Fiesta', 'Green Magic,' and 'Packman' were top performers and produced a consistent and high quality product, and therefore we would recommended these cultivars as acceptable selections for organic systems in Minnesota.
机译：菜青虫是一种害虫，仅以十字花科的种为食。它是商业园艺中的一种严重的经济害虫，因为幼虫咀嚼叶子上的大孔，可以破坏花椰菜，花椰菜和卷心菜的生长头，并污染或弄脏产品，使其无法销售。众所周知，在有机生产系统中，菜青虫很难管理，传统上有机芸苔种植者依靠浮行覆盖物或生物农药来防止饲料破坏。当对具有有限虫害管理选择的生产系统提出栽培品种建议时，天然虫害抗性很重要，我们的研究评估了西兰花（Brassica oleracea var。italica）对菜青虫的天然抗性和诱导抗性，重点是芥子油苷（GSLs）的作用发挥抵抗力。 GSL是十字花科的一个组成型和可诱导的次生代谢产物，对普通害虫有毒。但是，GSL和芸苔属专家P. rapae之间的关系很复杂，尚未得到很好的理解。一项受控温室研究评估了菜青虫对GSL的诱导以及随后对两个花椰菜品种（'Beneforte'和'Green Magic'）幼虫生长和生长的影响，这两个花椰菜品种的浓度分别随两种GSLs的变化而变化，即葡糖br素和新葡糖assi素。我们的研究结果表明，草甘膦对新葡聚糖和葡聚糖的浓度没有显着增加，但菜青虫的整体生长和性能受到品种的影响。以“贝内福尔特”为食时，幼虫消耗的总叶面积较少，重量也比p轻，后者的葡糖嘧啶浓度也显着较高，表明品种可能对菜青虫具有重要的抗性。 2015年和2016年在明尼苏达州的两个经过认证的有机农场进行的田间研究评估了六种西兰花品种（'Belstar'，'Fiesta'，'Green Magic'，'Marathon'，'Packman'和'Thompson'）对天然抗病性菜豆和增产性能。本研究中的品种对菜青虫的敏感性没有显着差异，新葡糖溴素和葡糖br素的浓度也不能解释菜青虫卵和幼虫的丰度。我们得出结论，在这种情况下，品种选择不应基于对害虫的自然抵抗力，而应基于品种性能。 “ Belstar”，“ Fiesta”，“ Green Magic”和“ Packman”是表现最好的产品，并生产出一致且高质量的产品，因此，我们建议将这些品种推荐为明尼苏达州有机系统可接受的选择。

著录项

  • 作者

    Talbot, Aimee Lynne.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Minnesota.;

  • 授予单位 University of Minnesota.;
  • 学科 Horticulture.;Entomology.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 77 p.
  • 总页数 77
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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