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Effects of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Rumen Biohydrogenation, Performance, and Reproduction in Dairy Cows

机译：日粮多不饱和脂肪酸对奶牛瘤胃生物氢化，生产和繁殖的影响

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摘要

The objectives of this dissertation were to determine resynchronization strategies to optimize fertility in dairy cows, and to investigate the effects of feeding polyunsaturated fatty acids on rumen biohydrogenation, nutrient flow and digestibility, lactation performance, plasma hormones and metabolites, interferon-stimulated gene expression, and reproductive performance in dairy cows.;Chapter 1 introduces current management strategies for enhancing reproductive performance, and nutraceutical approaches aiming to improve production and reproduction in dairy cows.;Chapter 2 presents a literature review on the topics of establishment of pregnancy in cattle, pregnancy-associated glycoproteins, use of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins for indirect pregnancy diagnosis, fatty acids, metabolism of fatty acids in ruminants, rumen biohydrogenation, and the effects of feeding fatty acids on reproduction in dairy cows.;Chapter 3 evaluated the effects of early or late resynchronization based on different methods of pregnancy diagnosis on reproductive performance of dairy cows. The use of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for early diagnosis of pregnancy had acceptable accuracy, but early resynchronization after nonpregnancy diagnosis with PAG ELISA did not improve the rate of pregnancy nor reduce days to pregnancy in cows continuously observed for estrus.;Chapter 4 describes the effects of supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid-enriched algae on reproduction and production performance in Holstein cows. Supplementation with algae resulted in increased concentrations of n-3 fatty acids in plasma phospholipids and milk fat, similar yield of energy-corrected milk, improved pregnancy per AI and reduced days to pregnancy compared with non-supplemented cows. Improvements in reproduction were associated with increased expression of interferon-stimulated gene, thereby suggesting advanced embryo development in cows fed docosahexaenoic acid.;Chapter 5 investigated the effects of feeding different types and sources of fatty acids on rumen unsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation, fatty acid digestibility, and fatty acids profiles of plasma lipid fractions and milk fat in dairy cows. Feeding a blend of palm and soybean oils increased intake of unsaturated fatty acids, but only when fed as calcium salts was the delivery of unsaturated fatty acids to the intestine increased because of reduced rumen biohydrogenation. Feeding calcium salts containing more polyunsaturated fatty acids increased the incorporation of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids into plasma lipid fractions and the secretion into milk fat. Although pelleting the calcium salts limited rumen biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids, no improvements in transfer into milk fat were observed compared with the granular form likely because of the reduced digestibility.;Chapter 6 evaluated the effects of supplementation with different types and sources of fatty acids on rumen fermentation, digestibility of nutrients, animal performance, and plasma hormones and metabolites. Dietary treatments did not affect milk yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk, and feed efficiency. Milk fat content decreased and fat yield tended to decrease with feeding unsaturated fatty acids, but pelleting the calcium salts improved milk fat content. Feeding mostly unsaturated fatty acids as oil reduced organic matter and fiber digestion in the rumen compared with the same fatty acids fed as Ca salts; however, the same responses were not observed for total tract digestion. Oil increased fatty acid digestibility, and feeding Ca salts in a pellet form reduced post-ruminal FA digestion. Treatments did not affect N metabolism or volatile fatty acids concentrations. Plasma glucose concentration increased when feeding oil, whereas other metabolites and hormones did not differ among treatments.;Chapter 7 presents general conclusions and future directions on the topics addressed in this dissertation.
机译：本文的目的是确定优化奶牛育性的再同步策略，并研究饲喂多不饱和脂肪酸对瘤胃生物氢化，营养流和消化率，泌乳性能，血浆激素和代谢产物，干扰素刺激的基因表达，第1章介绍了目前用于提高生殖性能的管理策略以及旨在提高奶牛生产和繁殖的营养保健方法。第2章介绍了关于建立牛的妊娠，妊娠的文献综述。相关的糖蛋白，将妊娠相关的糖蛋白用于间接妊娠诊断，脂肪酸，反刍动物中脂肪酸的代谢，瘤胃生物氢化以及饲喂脂肪酸对奶牛繁殖的影响。第3章评估了早期或晚期奶牛的影响。基于d的后期重新同步妊娠诊断对奶牛繁殖性能的不同方法。使用妊娠相关糖蛋白（PAG）酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）进行妊娠早期诊断具有可接受的准确性，但使用PAG ELISA进行非妊娠诊断后的早期再同步不能提高母牛的妊娠率，也不会缩短妊娠天数第四章描述了补充富含二十二碳六烯酸的藻类对荷斯坦奶牛繁殖和生产性能的影响。与未补充牛奶的母牛相比，补充藻类导致血浆磷脂和乳脂中n-3脂肪酸的浓度增加，能量校正后的牛奶产量相似，每AI的妊娠改善，妊娠天数减少。生殖能力的改善与干扰素刺激基因表达的增加有关，从而表明饲喂二十二碳六烯酸的母牛胚胎的发育提前。 ，以及奶牛血浆脂质成分和乳脂的脂肪酸谱。饲喂棕榈油和大豆油的混合物会增加不饱和脂肪酸的摄入量，但是只有当以钙盐形式进食时，由于瘤胃生物氢化作用的减少，不饱和脂肪酸向肠道的输送量才会增加。喂食含更多多不饱和脂肪酸的钙盐会增加亚油酸和α-亚麻酸在血浆脂质组分中的掺入以及乳脂的分泌。尽管沉淀钙盐限制了不饱和脂肪酸的瘤胃生物氢化作用，但与粒状形式相比，由于降低了消化率，未观察到向乳脂中转移的改善。;第6章评估了补充不同类型和来源的脂肪酸的效果对瘤胃发酵，营养物质的消化率，动物性能以及血浆激素和代谢产物的影响。饮食处理不影响产奶量，3.5％脂肪校正的牛奶，能量校正的牛奶和饲料效率。饲喂不饱和脂肪酸会降低乳脂含量，降低脂肪产量，但是将钙盐制成颗粒可以改善乳脂含量。与以Ca盐喂养的相同脂肪酸相比，以不饱和脂肪酸的大多数油为油可以减少瘤胃中的有机物和纤维消化。但是，对于全道消化没有观察到相同的反应。油增加了脂肪酸的消化率，以颗粒状形式添加钙盐可减少瘤胃后FA消化。治疗不影响氮代谢或挥发性脂肪酸的浓度。喂食油时血浆葡萄糖浓度增加，而其他代谢物和激素在治疗之间没有差异。;第7章介绍了本文的主题的一般结论和未来方向。

著录项

  • 作者

    Sinedino, Leticia Del-Penho.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Florida.;

  • 授予单位 University of Florida.;
  • 学科 Animal sciences.;Cellular biology.;Molecular biology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 344 p.
  • 总页数 344
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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