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Relief Supplies and Evacuees Redistribution in Disaster Response

机译：救灾物资和疏散人员在灾害响应中的重新分配

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摘要

Providing a suitable shelter and delivering relief supplies to evacuees in the aftermath of a disaster is among the core responsibilities of relief efforts. Evacuation shelters provide housing to those whose primary residence has been affected by the disaster while basic supplies such as food and water are essential to maintain the safety of the affected population. Fulfilling those demands becomes the responsibility of relief agencies in the aftermath of a disaster due to the need for special transportation modes that can cope with a transportation infrastructure that might have been damaged during the onset of the disaster itself.;In the aftermath of a disaster, a part of the population of the affected region are forced to move out of their homes that have been damaged during the onset of the disaster and to head to shelters provided by the relief agencies. Evacuees usually go the nearest shelter they could find without the knowledge of the available sheltering capacities at those shelters. This type of behavior could result in some shelters being overflown with evacuees while other shelters possess excess capacity. Furthermore, those shelters are usually pre-stocked with supplies in anticipation of a disaster but there is no guarantee that there would be a perfect match between the number of evacuees that head to a shelter and the amount of supplies that are present there (i.e. having too many evacuees and low levels of supplies or vice versa).;This dissertation introduced a strategy for alleviating the effects of overcrowding in shelters, and of the mismatch between number of evacuees and amount of supplies in shelters in the aftermath of a disaster through the new concept of Relief Supplies and Evacuees Redistribution. This concept, to the extent of our knowledge, has not been addressed in the literature for disaster operations management. The Relief Supplies and Evacuees Redistribution problem consists of managing a fleet of vehicles to redistribute relief supplies and evacuees among shelters in the aftermath of a disaster in order to minimize shelter overcrowding and the impact of supply mismatches experienced by evacuees during the period they have to spend in shelters.;A mathematical formulation of the Relief Supplies and Evacuees Redistribution problem is presented in the form of a Mixed Integer Linear Programming model which was used to solve small instances of the problem using commercial solvers. The results of these runs were used to analyze the effect of the new concept of allowing evacuees redistribution and investigate its value. The results of those tests confirmed the benefit of introducing the concept of evacuees redistribution and its potential in reducing overcrowding and shortages of relief supplies in shelters.;A more efficient solution algorithm was developed to solve larger instances of the problem with an increased number of shelters and vehicles. This goal was achieved through the development of a problem specific solution procedure built upon the framework of Branch and Price methodology. The solution procedure developed was successful in solving instances of practical size to optimality and it was demonstrated that this approach for solving the problem has the potential to provide efficient solutions to even larger instances of the problem.;The solution algorithm developed for the problem through the Branch and Price framework was expanded and used to solve even larger instances of the problem which considered multiple modes of transportation (i.e. boats and helicopters) in moving relief supplies and evacuees between shelters. The Branch and Price solution framework developed to solve the problem was expanded through an alternate solution approach to the pricing subproblem and different column management strategies. The developed solution framework provided efficient solutions to larger instances of the problem which consider a larger number of shelters and a larger and more diverse fleet of transporting vehicles.;The main aim of this dissertation could be summarized as an attempt to demonstrate the viability of the concept of Relief Supplies and Evacuees Redistribution as a strategy for managing relief efforts in the aftermath of a disaster and to provide a practical solution methodology that would allow the implementation of such concept in real life disaster scenarios through the management of a fleet of different types of vehicles used to redistribute relief supplies and evacuees between shelters.
机译：在灾难后提供合适的庇护所并向撤离人员提供救灾物资是救灾工作的核心职责之一。避难所为那些遭受灾难影响的主要住所提供住房，而食品和水等基本用品对于维持受影响人群的安全至关重要。由于需要特殊的运输方式来应对可能在灾难发生时遭到破坏的运输基础设施，因此在灾难发生后满足这些需求成为了救济机构的责任。 ，受灾地区的部分人口被迫搬离灾后受损的房屋，并前往救济机构提供的避难所。疏散人员通常会避开他们可能找到的最近避难所，而无需了解这些避难所的可用避难能力。这种行为可能会导致某些避难所被疏散人员所淹没，而其他避难所则具有超能力。此外，这些避难所通常在预料到灾难时会预先供应物资，但无法保证前往避难所的撤离人员数量与那里的物资数量之间存在完美的匹配（即论文提出了一种策略，以减轻收容所人满为患的影响，并减轻灾难发生后灾民的避难人数与收容所中的供应量之间的不匹配。救济物资和撤离人员重新分配的新概念。就我们所知，这一概念尚未在灾难操作管理的文献中得到解决。救济物资和疏散人员的重新分配问题包括管理车队以在灾难后在避难所之间重新分配救济物资和撤离人员，以最大程度地减少避难所的拥挤状况以及撤离人员在必须花费的时间里供应失配的影响救济物资和疏散人员重新分配问题的数学公式以混合整数线性规划模型的形式给出，该模型用于使用商业求解器来解决问题的小实例。这些运行的结果用于分析允许撤离人员重新分配的新概念的效果，并研究其价值。这些测试的结果证实了引入撤离人员重新分配的概念的好处及其在减少避难所的拥挤和救济物资短缺方面的潜力。开发了一种更有效的解决方案算法，以解决随着避难所数量增加而出现的更大问题和车辆。通过开发基于“分支和价格”方法框架的特定于问题的解决程序，实现了此目标。所开发的求解程序成功地解决了实际大小的最优实例，并证明了这种解决问题的方法有可能为更大的问题实例提供有效的解决方案。 “分支机构和价格”框架得到了扩展，用于解决更大的问题，即在避难所之间移动救济物资和撤离人员时考虑了多种运输方式（即船和直升机）。为解决该问题而开发的“分支机构和价格”解决方案框架通过针对价格子问题和不同列管理策略的替代解决方案方法得到了扩展。发达的解决方案框架为考虑到更多庇护所和更大，更多样化的运输车队的问题的更大实例提供了有效的解决方案。本文的主要目的可以概括为试图证明该方法的可行性。救济物资和疏散人员重新分配的概念，作为管理灾后救灾工作的战略，并提供了一种实用的解决方案方法，该方法可以通过管理不同类型的船队在现实的灾难场景中实施这种概念用于在避难所之间重新分配救济物资和撤离人员的车辆。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ali, Islam.;

  • 作者单位

    Purdue University.;

  • 授予单位 Purdue University.;
  • 学科 Industrial engineering.;Operations research.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 177 p.
  • 总页数 177
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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