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Rules and engagement: A comparative qualitative evaluation of European Union rule-of-law promotion in Romania, Turkey, Serbia and Ukraine.

机译：规则和参与：对欧盟在罗马尼亚，土耳其，塞尔维亚和乌克兰的法治促进进行的比较定性评估。

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Do external factors facilitate or hamper domestic democratic development? Do international actors influence the development of the rule of law in domestic systems? How should we conceptualize, identify and evaluate the extent and nature of international influence? More pragmatically, when and how do the different strategies of international actors who seek to promote the spread and consolidation of liberal democracy around the globe---through conditional incentives, financial and technical aid, socialization techniques, diplomacy, demonstration effects and, exceptionally, through military intervention---influence domestic decision-makers to internalize rule of law standards, norms and practices? What combination of domestic conditions and external interventions are more, and less, likely to lead to the transformation of authoritarian regimes or minimalist, poorly functioning democracies into substantive, liberal democracies characterized by a functioning rule of law?;Despite the fact that the goal of encouraging the development of liberal democracy and the rule-of-law in transitional states has, since the end of the Cold War and, a fortiori, the September 11th 2001 attacks on the United States, entered the very heart of the foreign-policy discourses and, to a lesser but still substantial degree, the actions of the leading Western powers and the international organizations they lead, scholars of international law, international relations, and comparative politics have to date devoted surprisingly little attention to addressing these questions.;This study invites lawyers to engage with these questions by conceptualizing the rule of law as a key dimension (arguably the key dimension) of democratic quality, and by integrating the study of policies to promote the rule of law abroad, with the wider emerging efforts of international relations theorists and political comparativists to theorize and measure external influence on domestic democratic development. To contribute optimally to the nascent, interdisciplinary field of "applied democratic development", I argue that the existing lawyer-dominated rule of law promotion literature---and, by extension, policy enterprise---must overcome three problems of scope: conceptual, intellectual and empirical.;The study also seeks to contribute to legal theory development in the area of state compliance with international rules, and the mechanisms by which international norms translate into domestic institutions, laws and practices. Departing from existing explanations of EU external relations, I argue that EU policies towards adjacent regions can be understood as highly institutionalized and resource-intensive exercises in the design and execution of solution structures meant to affect domestic democratic development in targeted states. Enlargement, the Stabilization and Association Process (SAP) in the Balkans, and the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP), in other words, ought to be conceptualized and studied as examples of attempts at target-state transformation through compliance with EU-mandated liberal rules and standards. The establishment and pursuit of these policies---each a solution structure with several shared core features, but also important variations---has entailed two parallel processes: the articulation of rules and standards with which targeted states are required to comply (rules) and, secondly, the development and application of mechanisms meant to encourage compliance with the prescribed rules (engagement).;Along with these theoretical advances, the study undertakes a comparative qualitative evaluation of the impact of EU engagement policies on four countries: Romania, Turkey, Serbia and Ukraine. Each constitutes a case study of a different category of EU engagement. The study generates new empirical knowledge on the effectiveness (or lack thereof) of different EU engagement policies abroad and the conditions under which the rule of law promotion activities of international actors are likely to prove more, or less, effective.;Chapter II positions the theoretical and empirical contributions of the study within the broader literature on the rule-of-law as concept and subject for promotion by international actors. It establishes the conceptual foundations of the study, identifies important gaps in the existing state of knowledge, and prepares the ground for my subsequent arguments regarding the nature of EU rule-of-law promotion strategies. Chapter III then explores the origins and evolution of EU strategies, from enlargement to neighborhood, and contends that these have entailed two parallel processes: the articulation of rules and standards with which targeted states are required to comply (rules) and, secondly, the development and application of mechanisms meant to encourage compliance with the prescribed rules (engagement). Chapter IV then zooms out of the EU-specific context. Building on the conclusions of Chapter III and drawing insights from international law, international relations theory and comparative politics, it sets out a number of hypotheses regarding the nature and extent of EU influence on rule of law reforms in the case study countries. Lastly, Chapter V presents the findings of the structured, focused comparisons, and analyzes these findings in view of the theoretical expectations. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
机译：外部因素是否会促进或阻碍国内民主发展？国际参与者是否会影响国内系统法治的发展？我们应该如何概念化，确定和评估国际影响的程度和性质？更加务实的是，何时以及如何通过条件激励，财政和技术援助，社会化手段，外交，示范效应，以及在例外情况下，寻求促进自由民主在全球范围内传播和巩固的国际行为者的不同战略。通过军事干预-影响国内决策者将法治标准，规范和惯例内在化？国内条件和外部干预的何种结合越来越多地可能导致威权政体或极简主义，运转不佳的民主国家向以法治运行为特征的实质性自由民主国家的转变？自冷战结束以来，鼓励自由民主制和过渡国家法治的发展，首先是2001年9月11日对美国的袭击，这是外交政策讨论的核心内容。迄今为止，国际领先的西方大国及其领导的国际组织，国际法，国际关系和比较政治学的学者在某种程度上却很少关注解决这些问题。邀请律师通过将法治概念化为关键维度来解决这些问题（可以说关键调低民主质量），并结合国际上促进法治的政策研究，以及国际关系理论家和政治比较主义者为理论化和衡量对国内民主发展的外部影响而做出的更广泛的努力。为了对“应用民主发展”这个新兴的跨学科领域做出最佳贡献，我认为现有的以律师为主导的法治促进文学-以及由此而来的政策制定-必须克服三个范围的问题：概念上的该研究还力求在国家遵守国际规则以及国际规范转化为国内制度，法律和惯例的机制方面，为法律理论的发展做出贡献。与对欧盟对外关系的现有解释不同，我认为，欧盟对邻近地区的政策可以理解为设计和执行旨在影响目标国家国内民主发展的解决方案结构中高度制度化和资源密集型的做法。换句话说，应将扩大，巴尔干半岛的稳定与结社过程（SAP）和欧洲邻国政策（ENP）进行概念化和研究，以作为通过遵守欧盟规定的自由规则而实现目标国家转型的示例和标准。这些政策的建立和追求-每个解决方案结构都具有几个共有的核心功能，但也具有重要的变化--涉及两个并行的过程：明确要求目标国家遵守的规则和标准（规则）其次，开发和应用旨在鼓励遵守规定的规则（参与）的机制。；随着这些理论上的进步，该研究对欧盟参与政策对四个国家的影响进行了比较定性评估：罗马尼亚，土耳其，塞尔维亚和乌克兰。每一个都构成了不同类别的欧盟参与的案例研究。这项研究产生了关于不同欧盟参与政策在国外的有效性（或缺乏有效性）以及国际行为体促进法治活动可能或多或少地有效的条件的新的经验知识。该研究在法治作为国际参与者促进的概念和主题的更广泛文献中的理论和经验贡献。它建立了研究的概念基础，确定了现有知识水平上的重要差距，并为我以后关于欧盟法治促进策略本质的论证奠定了基础。然后，第三章探讨了从扩大到邻里的欧盟战略的起源和演变，并认为这涉及两个平行的过程：阐明要求目标国家遵守的规则和标准（规则）；其次，旨在鼓励遵守规定的规则（参与度）的机制的开发和应用。然后，第四章缩小了特定于欧盟的范围。在第三章的结论的基础上，借鉴国际法，国际关系理论和比较政治学的见解，它提出了许多关于欧盟对案例研究国家法治改革影响的性质和程度的假设。最后，第五章介绍了结构化，重点比较的结果，并根据理论预期对这些结果进行了分析。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）

著录项

  • 作者

    Magen, Amichai.;

  • 作者单位

    Stanford University.;

  • 授予单位 Stanford University.;
  • 学科 Political Science International Law and Relations.
  • 学位 J.S.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 页码 592 p.
  • 总页数 592
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 国际法;
  • 关键词

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