Recent years, social work institutions in China have obtained rapid development. The study finds: private social work institutions show survival hardship under the surface of prosperity for rising quantity. The survival oppression is the reason of strategy behavior, including applying the special funds to obtain financial resources, reducing human capital to save resources and using specu⁃lative strategy in the service delivery. This strategic behavior of the institution is the result of the rational choice of the organization. Al⁃though some of these survival strategies are not legitimate, it can effectively deal with resources difficulties in the short term. In the long run, these strategies also make the institutions show characteristics variation and goal displacement. In order to make the development of the private social work institution not degenerate into the ideal situation, there are still lots of work to do. Above all, the institutional construction is the basis.%近年来，民办社会工作机构获得了迅速发展。民办社会工作机构在呈现总量上升的繁荣景象的同时，面临的是发展中的步履艰难，而生存压力是机构争资跑项、厉行节约和服务递送中投机化策略的动因。这些策略行为是机构在生存压力下的理性之举，有些虽不具有合法性和正当性，但短期内可以有效应对资源匮乏的现实，而长远看，也使机构呈现出性质变异和目标置换的倾向。要想使民办社会工作机构的发展实践不沦为“乌托邦”式的理想情境，还有许多工作要做。其中，制度化建设是根本。
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