Due to broad applications in military and civil areas,biomimetic micro air vehicle (MAV) has become a research hotspot.The aerodynamics of biomimetic MAV is the foundation in designing a MAV,and relevant aerodynamic theories and designing methods are also gradually enriched with the development of miniature aircraft.This paper reviews the progress in aerodynamics research of biomimetic MAVs in hovering flight.At present,a series of experimental and numerical methods have been matured and widely used.The high lift mechanisms of the biomimetic micro-aircraft,such as clapping-cling effect and delayed stall has been revealed in the hovering state.A considerable progress has been achieved in solving problems on stabilization of leading edge vortex.Various methods have been proposed and become more and more mature for the aerodynamic primary design and the optimization of geometrical,kinematic,and structural parameters of MAV wings.In the future,the high-lift mechanisms of insects,such as butterfly and ladybugs,needs to be further explored.In order to fulfill a bionic hoverable micro-aircraft,more works are required on the design and optimization of bio-inspired wing as well as on the analysis of bionic flight mechanics and control.%鉴于仿生微型飞行器在军事及民用领域的广阔应用前景,其一经提出便成为研究热点.仿生微型飞行器悬停飞行的空气动力学是微型飞行器设计的基础,因此伴随仿生微型飞行器的研制,相关空气动力学理论和设计方法也得到了丰富和发展.本文回顾了仿生微型飞行器悬停飞行空气动力学研究的相关进展.首先,介绍目前用于研究仿生微型飞行器空气动力学问题的一系列实验和数值仿真方法;然后,介绍悬停飞行下仿生微型飞行器高升力机理(如打开合拢机制、延迟失速等),并着重讨论了前缘涡稳定性等前沿问题;之后,介绍关于仿生微型飞行器的气动设计流程及方法的研究进展,包括仿生翼的流固耦合研究以及翼的几何、运动及结构参数优化设计研究;最后,对该领域未来的研究方向做了初步探讨,提出应针对蝴蝶、瓢虫等昆虫的飞行高升力机理做进一步探索,并在微型飞行器仿生翼设计及优化技术、仿生微型飞行器飞行动稳定性及控制等方面开展深入研究和关键技术攻关.
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