航空航天等领域对高性能、轻量化和高功效构件精确成形成性的要求,迫切需要发掘和提高难变形材料的成形潜力.金属等材料在电流辅助加载时塑性提高和变形抗力降低的电塑性效应(EPE),与传统塑性加工技术相结合发展出的电流辅助成形(EAF)工艺,可望大幅提高材料成形极限和成形质量,是实现难变形材料难成形结构精确成形制造的极具前景的技术.基于EPE测试表征方法的研究进展分析,综述了焦耳热效应、电子风效应及磁效应等EPE作用机理的研究动态,从回复、再结晶、相变及缺陷修复等方面,分析总结了电流处理对材料微观组织和性能的影响规律和作用机制,进而讨论了电塑性拔丝、轧制及微成形等EPE用于成形过程的EAF研究进展.基于上述研究动态分析,总结提出了电塑性机理方面尚待解决的科学难题、EPE驱动EAF工艺创新及工业化应用所面临的技术挑战.%Higher requirements for precision forming of high-performance,light-weight and high-utility function components in aerospace urge the need for exploring the potential of the forming of hard-to-deform materials.Application of electric current in deformation causes the drop of the flow stress and improvement of ductility of metals,and this phenomenon is termed as Electro Plastic Effect (EPE).Electrically-Assisted Forming (EAF),which combines EPE with the conventional plastic forming technology,can significantly increase the forming limit and quality.EAF is of high accuracy,and is promising for the manufacturing and shaping of hard-to-deform materials.After a review of the experimental design of EPE and research on Joule effect,electron wind effect and magnetic effect,the effects of current treatment on the microstructure and properties of materials are reviewed with respect to recovery,recrystallization,phase change and defects healing.The development of EAF in electroplastic drawing,rolling and micro forming is then analyzed.The problems in the understanding of EPE mechanisms and the technical challenges for EAF innovation and industrialized application are also summarized.
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