丛枝菌根(arbuscularmycorrhiza,AM)真菌和根瘤菌均可在一定程度上减轻植物病害的发生,提高植物生物量.AM真菌提高寄主植物的抗病机理包括:改善寄主营养状况、补偿作用、改变根系形态、与病原菌竞争侵染位点和寄主光合作用产物、改变根际微生物区系以及激活寄主防御机制.根瘤菌防病机理可归纳为:寄主生理生化的变化、根系形态改变和寄主防御机制激活.AM真菌和根瘤菌两者相互作用,可更好地防控植物病害.本文归纳了国内外AM真菌和根瘤菌对植物抗病性的影响及机理,同时展望了两者在生防中的应用前景.%AM (arbuscular mycorrhiza) fungi and rhizobium could improve host resistance to plant fungal diseases and increase plant biomass.The mechanisms for AM fungi improving plant disease resistance included improved nutrient status of the host plant,damage compensation,changed root growth and morphology,competition with pathogens for colonization sites and host photosynthates,changed microbial in the mycorrhizosphere and activation of plant defense mechanisms.Rhizobium could also reduce plant disease incidence,and the mechanism included physiological and biochemical changes,change in root growth and morphology and activation of plant defense mechanisms.Interactions between AM fungi and rhizobium could control plant disease better.Effects of AM fungi and rhizobium on the fungal diseases of plants were summarized and suggestions and prospects for future study of the two in biocontrol were developed.
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