冬季冻害是当前小麦生产面临的主要自然灾害之一。以我国黄淮海地区近年主栽的71个小麦品种为材料，通过对其抗寒性调查和VRN-A1、VRN-B1、VRN-D1位点基因型的分子标记鉴定，研究小麦抗寒性的生物学基础，探讨VRN1基因在小麦抗寒性中的作用。结果表明，小麦的抗寒性与其他抗逆性状相关联，生产和国家区域试验证实具有较好抗旱节水、耐盐碱等抗逆特性的品种多具有较强抗寒性。VRN1是小麦抗寒性的关键性遗传调控位点之一，显性基因VRN1的存在会显著降低品种的抗寒性，具有2个或3个VRN1基因的品种一般抗寒性都很弱，而3个位点均为隐性基因是品种具有强抗寒性的必备条件。因此，建议我国黄淮海北部地区应加强选育、推广基因型为vrn-A1vrn- B1vrn-D1的品种，以保证小麦安全生产。%Winter freezing injury is one of the major natural disasters in wheat production. The effect ofVRN1genes on cold hardness was analyzed with phenotypic data and the allelic variations of VRN-A1,VRN-B1,VRN-D1in 71 wheat varieties grown in Yellow-Huai-Hai River Valley region. The results indicated that the cold hardiness of wheat was correlated with other stress toler-ances, and strong cold hardiness was found in most varieties showing good salinity tolerance, drought tolerance or water-saving fea-ture in production and the National Variety Regional Trial. VRN1 is a critical locus in the genetic network of wheat cold hardiness. The presence of the dominant geneVRN1was often accompanied with a significant decrease in cold hardiness, and weak cold hardi-ness was usually detected in the varieties with two or threeVRN1 genes. Coexistence of recessive genes vrn-A1,vrn-B1, andvrn-D1 was found to be an indispensable prerequisite for strong cold hardiness. Therefore, thevrn-A1vrn-B1vrn-D1 genotype is suggested in wheat production and variety improvement in the northern part of Yellow-Huai-Hai River Valley region of China.
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