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首页> 中文期刊> 《作物学报》 >马铃薯/玉米套作对马铃薯品种光合特性及产量的影响

马铃薯/玉米套作对马铃薯品种光合特性及产量的影响

         
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摘要

The intercropping of potato and maize is widely practiced in China. In the potato/maize system, competition for light is an issue as the leaves of potato and maize become different strata within the canopy. The potato/maize intercropping trials using two potato varieties including Zhongshu 5 (early-maturing variety with erect branches) and Mila (mid-late maturing variety with spread branches) with the sole cropping potato as contro1 were carried out to determine the dynamic changes of LAI, SLW, Chl a+b, Chl a/b ratio, photosynthetical active radiation (PAR), gas exchange attributes in leaves at three position levels at tuber initia-tion stage and tuber expanding stage and yield. The results indicated that intercropping led to decrease LAI, SLW and Chl a/b ratio and increase Chl a+b. In addition, the gradual decrease in PAR, water use efficiency (WUE), stomatal limitation (Ls=1–Ci/Ca, Ca:ambient CO2 concentration) and the increase in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) were observed from tuber initiation stage to tuber expanding stage. There was a continuous significant re-duction in PAR, Pn, Gs and Tr from the upper leaves to the middle and lower leaves in all treatments, with a lower reduction under intercropping than under sole cropping. The variations in Pn, Gs, Ci, and Ls indicated the decreased photosynthetic activity in the middle and lower leaves pertaining, to both stomatal and non-stomatal mechanisms. Intercropping also declined Pn in the upper leaves and elevated Pn in the middle and lower leaves. Furthermore, there were higher Chl a+b in vegetative growth stage and tuber initiation stage and lower Chl a+b in tuber expanding stage and starch accumulation stage in Zhongshu 5/maize than in Mira/maize system, with the opposite changing trend for SLW. Higher LAI and Chl a/b ratio at all developmental stages, higher PAR in the upper leaves and lower PAR in the middle and lower leaves were observed, and higher Pn in the middle and lower leaves in Zhongshu 5 than in Mira in intercropping systems but the similar Pn in the upper leaves. In comparison with Mira, there were lower Gs, Ci, and Tr and higher WUE and Ls in leaves at the same position levels in Zhongshu 5. In summary, intercropping led to substantial reduction in tuber yield at harvest time due to the change on the light environment and the photosynthetic char-acteristics of potato in potato/maize systems. Nonetheless, intercropping deteriorated the light environment for Zhongshu 5/maize system while improved the light environment for Mira/maize system, which led to lower LER in the former (1.24) than in the latter (1.40), showing the stronger intercropping superiority for Mira/maize system in the production.%　　以马铃薯品种中薯5号(早熟,株型直立)和米拉(中晚熟,株型扩散)单作为对照,在大田条件下,调查马铃薯/玉米套作模式中2个品种光合指标的变化、块茎形成期至块茎增长期不同叶位气体交换参数的变化,分析光合指标对产量的影响.结果表明,整个生育期马铃薯叶绿素含量(Chl a+Chl b)套作高于单作,叶面积指数(LAI)、比叶重(SLW)和叶绿素a/b值(Chl a/b)套作低于单作.从块茎形成期至块茎增长期,群体光合有效辐射(PAR)、水分利用效率(WUE)、气孔限制值(Ls)呈下降趋势,净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)呈上升趋势.PAR、Pn、Gs、Tr均随叶位的降低显著下降,套作下降幅度低于单作.套作中、下层叶片 Pn的下降受气孔因素和非气孔因素限制.套作降低了马铃薯上层叶Pn,提高了中、下层叶Pn.套作中薯5号的Chl a+Chl b生育前期高于米拉,生育后期低于米拉, SLW则相反；LAI和Chl a/b整个生育期高于米拉.套作中薯5号上层叶PAR高于米拉,中、下层叶PAR低于米拉；套作中薯5号上层叶Pn与米拉相近,中、下层叶Pn高于米拉；各层叶WUE、Ls高于米拉, Gs、Ci、Tr低于米拉.总之,套作改变了马铃薯的光合特性,并显著降低了马铃薯块茎产量；套作恶化了中薯5号/玉米复合群体的光环境,改善了米拉/玉米复合群体的光环境,米拉/玉米套作体系土地当量比(1.40)大于中薯5号/玉米体系(1.24),显示了较强的套作优势,宜在生产中优先推广.

著录项

  • 来源
    《作物学报》 |2013年第2期|330-342|共13页
  • 作者

    黄承建; 赵思毅; 王龙昌; 王季春; 赵勇; 蔡叶茂; 滕艳; 杨国才;

  • 作者单位

    西南大学农学与生物科技学院/南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心;

    重庆 400716;

    四川省达州市农业科学研究所;

    四川达州635000;

    四川省达州市农业科学研究所;

    四川达州635000;

    西南大学农学与生物科技学院/南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心;

    重庆 400716;

    西南大学农学与生物科技学院/南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心;

    重庆 400716;

    西南大学农学与生物科技学院/南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心;

    重庆 400716;

    西南大学农学与生物科技学院/南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心;

    重庆 400716;

    西南大学农学与生物科技学院/南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心;

    重庆 400716;

    西南大学农学与生物科技学院/南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心;

    重庆 400716;

  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 chi
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    马铃薯; 玉米; 套作; 单作; 叶位; 光合特性; 产量;

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