硬粒小麦籽粒中黄色素含量与硬粒小麦面制品的加工品质关系较为密切,研究控制小麦黄色素含量基因的等位变异、选育高黄色素含量品种是硬粒小麦品质育种的重要目标.以来自不同国家的177份硬粒小麦品种为材料,采用特异引物的PCR扩增技术,利用与黄色素含量有关的PSY基因功能性标记YP7A-2、YP7B-1、YP7B-2、YP7B-3和YP7B-4,分别对参试小麦品种中7A和7B染色体上Psy-Al和Psy-B1基因的等位变异类型进行了检测.结果表明,位于硬粒小麦7A染色体上的Psy-Al的变异类型较为单一,只有Psy-Ald和Psy-Ale两种类型,分布频率分别为76.8%和23.2%;而位于硬粒小麦7B染色体上的Psy-Bl的变异类型有6种,分别为Psy-Blb、Psy-Blc,Psy-Bld、Psy-Ble、Psy-Blf和Psy-Blg,分布频率分别为9.0%、0.6%、0.6%、6.8%、25.4%和57.6%.其中,Psy-B1b,Psy-Blc和Psy-Bld 首次在硬粒小麦品种中被发现,这在一定程度上丰富了硬粒小麦品种Psy1基因多态性.有34个品种含0有Psy-Ald/Psy-Blf,12个品种含有Psy-Ald/Psy-Blg和1个品种含有Psy-Ald/Psy-Blc的基因型组合,为高黄色素含量品种;有28个品种含有Psy-Ale/Psy-Blg和1个品种含有Psy-Ale/Psy-Blb基因型组合,为低黄色素含量品种.本研究结果为硬粒小麦品质育种提供了重要的材料资源.%A total of 177 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) cultivars from five countries or regions were used to identify allelic variations of phytoene synthase (PSY) genes located on chromosomes 7A and 7B using allele-specific markers of YP7A-2,YP7B-1, YP7B-2, YP7B-3, and YP7B-4.Two alleles, previously designated as Psy-A1d and Psy-A1e, were identified on chromosome 7A (Psy-A1).The distribution percentages of the two alleles were 76.8％ and 23.2％, respectively.Furthermore, six allelic variants, previously designated as Psy-B1b, Psy-B1c, Psy-B1d, Psy-B1e, Psy-B1f, and Psy-B1g, were identified on chromosome 7B (Psy-B1) with distribution percentages of 9.0％, 0.6％, 0.6％, 6.9％, 25.4％, and 57.6％, respectively.Interestingly, three allelic variants of Psy-B1b, Psy-B1c, and Psy-B1d were never reported in durum wheat before.This result enriched the polymorphism of Psy1 gene in durum wheat.On Psy7A and Psy7B loci, 34, 12, and 1 cultivars were found to possess allelic combinations of Psy-A1d/Psy-B1f, Psy-A1d/Psy-B1e, and Psy-A1d/Psy-B1c, respectively, which were genotypes of high yellow pigment content.Other 28 and 1 cultivar, with Psy7A and Psy7B combinations of Psy-A1e/Psy-B1g and Psy-A1e/Psy-B1b, respectively, were associated with low content of yellow pigment.These results may help material selection in durum wheat breeding aiming at quality improvement.
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