对全国栽培大豆不同地理、季节生态类型和一年生野生大豆不同地理生态类型的大量材料，进行形态、等位酶和细胞器DNA RFLP性状等不受人工选择直接影响的中性性状的分析。结果表明:(1)我国栽培大豆不同生态类型群体间地理生态分化明显，遗传距离较大；同一地理群体内存在季节生态分化，遗传距离相对较小；南方春豆与东北春豆熟期组相近，但其遗传距离大于与南方其他生态型的距离。(2)中国栽培大豆在地理上和季节上表现由晚熟型向早熟型进化的趋势，东北、黄淮栽培大豆各种生态型与本地区野生大豆群体的遗传距离大于与南方野生大豆群体的遗传距离，因而南方原始野生大豆可能是各地栽培大豆的共同祖先，南方原始栽培类型在向北方扩展过程中不断演化出各种早熟类型。%A large sample of various geographical and seasonal eco-types of G.max and geographical eco-types of G.soja in China was evaluated for their morphological characters,allozyme markers,and RFLP markers of cpDNA and mtDNA,which were thought to be neutral to artificial selection,in order to reveal the evolutionary relationship among them.The results obtained were as follows:(1)There existed significant geographical differentiation among regions as well as seasonal differentiation within a region in G.max. The genetic distance between southern China spring type and Northeast China spring type was larger than those among seasonal types within southern China even though the former two were in similar maturity groups. (2) The evolutionary tendency from late maturity to early maturity was detected no matter it was with the geographical or seasonal eco-type of G.max.The genetic distances between all types of G. max of the three regions and southern China G.soja population were closer than those between the regional population of G. max and their respective G.soja counterpart, indicating that the primitive southern China G.soja population might be the common ancestor of all the cultivated soybean in the three regions and the original cultivated soybean might differentiate into earlier maturity types with less sensitivity to day-length during its dissemination northward.
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