Photonic crystals have been widely used in solar cells in recent years,owing to the characteristic photonic bandgap,"slow photon" effect and a series of unique light control performance.The introduction of photonic crystals can greatly optimize the propagation and distribution of light in solar cells.Photonic crystals can improve the performance of solar cells from five aspects:(1) Photonic crystals constructed as back mirrors to reduce light loss and increase absorption efficiency of solar cell.(2) The interaction between photons and sensitizers can be enhanced by the "slow photon effect" of the photonic crystal band gap,which enhances the excitation efficiency.(3) Photonic crystal can be used as a scattering layer,increasing the propagation path of light in the material,forming a resonance enhancement mode in the absorption layer,and improving the light absorption efficiency.(4) Photonic crystals have large specific surface area.Especially three-dimensional photonic crystals can provide excellent carrier for sensitizer,which can effectively increase the load and activity of sensitized molecules and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency (5) Photonic crystals can be used to reduce the dependence of solar cells on the incident angle of sunlight.For example,when the incident light is tilted,the blue shift of the Bragg position results in more overlap with the dye absorption peak,generating a higher efficiency that partially compensates the reduced photon flux due to light inclination.However,photonic crystals in different locations of the solar cell will improve or inhibit photoelectric conversion efficiency.Therefore,the fully understanding of light manipulation of photonic crystals and their correctly application is the key to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.Here,the applications of different types of photonic crystals in silicon solar cells and sensitized solar cells are summarized,at the same time the possible problems are also analyzed and reviewed.%光子晶体具有光子禁带、“慢光子”效应等独特的光学性能,近年来被广泛用于太阳能电池中.光子晶体的引入,可调节光子在太阳能电池中的传播和分布.在电池中不同的位置引入光子晶体,能够提高或抑制太阳能电池的光电转化效率.因此充分了解光子晶体的光学特性,正确使用光子晶体是提高光电转化效率的关键.本文总结归纳不同类型光子晶体在硅太阳能电池及敏化型太阳能电池中的应用,并对其可能存在的问题进行了分析和评述.
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