钠离子电池作为一种新型的化学电源,因钠资源储量丰富、成本低廉等优势,在规模储能领域具有应用前景,近年来受到了人们的广泛关注.为了获得比能量高、循环寿命长和快速充放电能力强的先进钠离子电池,人们正致力于开发比容量高、循环性能好和倍率性能佳的储钠电极材料和离子电导率高、电化学窗口宽的功能电解液,并取得了重要进展.目前,有前景的正极材料主要有高容量的层状氧化物、高电位的氟磷酸盐和长寿命的磷酸盐;可用的负极材料主要包括循环稳定性强的钛基层状氧化物和碳材料、比容量大的金属/非金属单质和低成本的金属化合物;有效的功能电解液有酯类电解液和醚类电解液.本综述详细总结了上述几类电极材料和电解液的最新研究进展,重点介绍了它们的电化学性质、科学难题及解决策略.%Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) as a new chemical power source have recently attracted a great attention for large-scale energy storage owing to the abundance and low cost of sodium resources.In order to achieve advanced SIBs with high specific energy,long cycling lifetime and fast charge/discharge ability,efforts have been devoted to developing advanced electrode materials with large specific capacity,robust cycling stability and good rate capability,as well as functional electrolytes with high ion-conductivity and wide electrochemical window.Promising cathode materials include high-capacity layered oxides,high-potential fluorophosphates and long-lifetime phosphates.Available anode materials consist of highly stable Ti-based layered oxides and carbon materials,high-capacity elemental metals/non-metals and low-cost metal-based compounds.Effective electrolytes involve ester-based electrolytes and ether-based electrolytes.This review summarizes the recent advance of electrode materials and electrolytes for SIBs,mainly focusing on their electrochemical properties,existing challenges and resolution strategies.
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