Biomolecular self-assembly plays a significant role for physiological function.Inspired by this,the construction of functional structures and architectures by biomolecular self-assembly has attracted tremendous attentions.Peptides can be assembled into diverse nanostructures,exhibiting important potential for biomedical and green-life technology applications.How to achieve the structural precise regulation of various nanostructures and functionalization by precise control of structures is the two key challenges in the field of peptide self-assembly.As the assembly process is a spontaneous thermodynamic and kinetic driven process,and is determined by the cooperation of various intermolecular non-covalent interactions,including hydrogen-bonding,electrostatic,π-π stacking,hydrophobic,and van der Waals interactions,the reasonable regulation of these non-covalent interactions is a critical pathway to achieve the two goals.To modulate these non-covalent interactions,one of the common used methods is to change the kinetic factors/external environment,including pH,ionic strength,and temperature,etc.These kinetic factors can effectively influence the interactions between peptides and solvents,resulting in dynamic and responsive variations in structures through multiple length scales and ultimate morphologies.However,the fatal disadvantage is the lacking of the precise regulation of assembled structures in the molecular level with consideration of both thermodynamics and kinetics.Compared with changing the external environment,the specific and precise molecular design is more favorable to achieve the structural precise regulation.The molecular structures and the component of building blocks can be rationally designed.For example,one can modulate the interactions between two or more than two building blocks by changing the physicochemical properties of each building block,enabling self-assembly and structural diversity of the final nanostructures.Furthermore,by combining peptides and other functional biomolecules (such as porphyrins),the functionalization of assembled nanostructures and architectures can be achieved more easily and flexibly.In this review,we will focus on the structural precise regulation and the functionalization of assembled peptide nanostructures.It is believed that the precise regulation of nanostructures is promising to promote the development of peptide-based materials towards green-life technology applications.%生物分子自组装对生物体有重要意义,利用生物分子构筑具有功能性的有序组装体一直是人们关注的焦点.肽分子是一类重要的组装基元,肽的超分子自组装可形成多种纳米或微米尺度的结构,并可应用于能源、医药等领域.如何实现肽自组装结构的精准调控以及精准调控肽自组装实现功能化,是目前该领域面临的新挑战.肽的自组装是基于非共价键力的协同作用实现的,通过各种因素调节这些非共价键力的作用,是实现自组装结构调控和功能化的关键.虽然自组装结构调控可以通过改变外部环境调控,但是通过精确分子设计、组装基元分子间的相互作用调控可以更好地实现结构的精准调控;并有利于进一步通过引入功能性分子作为组装基元,实现自组装体的功能化.本文将针对肽自组装体的结构调控以及功能化两个方面对相关研究进行综述.
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