Based on observing the edge of the bright part of the apparent moon by algorithm of the apparent moon center is put forward, and formulae are deduced real observation testified the stability of the algorithm, which demonstrated the electronic theodolite, a fitting n detail. Experiment based on position of the moon center is solved precisely. Then, a novel method of fast orientation by surveying the moon is explored. By this method, orientation is realized successfully and both inner and outer precision of orientation could be superior to 4-2.0n, The moon-observing method can overcome the shortage that classical astro-geodetic orientation can only be realized by star-observing method at night, and extend the application field of astro-geodetic surveying effectively. Since the apparent sun is a circular plane, the moon-observing method will be suitable for observing the sun.%基于电子经纬仪对月球明亮区域边沿的观测采样，提出一种月球视圆面中心拟合算法，推导出详细的计算公式。通过实际观测试验验证该算法的可靠性，较好地解决了月面中心的确定问题。在此基础上，探索一种测月快速定向方法。运用此方法进行天文定向，内符合精度和外符合精度均优于±2．0”。测月定向可有效弥补传统天文定向夜间只能依靠观测恒星进行的不足，扩展天文测量的使用范围。由于太阳的视面也是正圆，测月定向方法同样适用于测日定向。
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