In order to reduce the impact of craftsmanship and lighting equipment which were produced in the processing of detection,the principle of color deviation was analysed and a new algorithm of the board and between the board chromatic correction was proposed. The method firstly analyses illumination model and obtain correction function to correct the color difference between the boards,then adopts luminance channel of LAB color model and takes advantage of the accumulated illumination histogram to calculate mapping function which is to correct chrominance aberration. The experiments have shown that the algorithm correct color deviation in the board and between boards in the preprocessing of PCB detection,which improve detection accuracy and efficiency of automatic optical inspection. It will have a wide applications in the field of optical image measurement.%针对印刷电路板产品在检测中受制作工艺和照明设备的影响，分析其产生色彩偏差的基本原理，提出板内和板间色差矫正的新算法，分析了照明模型得到亮度变换函数对板间色差进行矫正，重点采用 LAB 色彩模型中的亮度通道，利用亮度积累直方图计算映射函数去均衡板内的色差。实验表明，该算法矫正了印刷电路板在检测预处理阶段出现的板内和板间的色彩偏差，提高自动光学检测的检测精度和效率，在光电图像的测量领域具有广泛的应用前景。
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