Medical insect sincerely influence people life quality and health due to its medical and economic significance. Comprehensive understanding about these insects is crucial to control effectively, but this aspect was very scarce especially at the genomic level. So researchers exploit the next-generation high-throughput sequencing technique to obtain the genomic information, among them 454 pyrosequencing technique possess both economic and long read advantages and is specially used to non-model medical insect without reference genome. This review enclosed the technical theory and feature of 454 sequencing compared with solexa sequencing and microarray in the aspect of utilization and superiority, summarized the recent research result in medical insect including insecticide molecular mechanism, vector borne pathogen detection, phylogeny, transcriptional profile of important physiological function, finally aimed for the guidance of its more wide application in the field.%医学昆虫是具有医学和经济双重意义的重要媒介生物,严重影响人们生活质量与身体健康.防制技术的进步是基于对其生物学认识(如生态习性、生理特点)的深入,但目前从基因组角度的了解却知之甚少.为此,研究人员采用下一代高通量测序技术从组学角度进行研究,其中454焦磷酸测序技术兼具经济性与读长最长的特点,尤其适合于无参考基因组的非模式医学昆虫应用.本文简介了454测序原理,主要从技术特点、应用范围等角度将其与Solexa测序、基因芯片技术进行比较;综述了近期在医学昆虫领域取得的研究结果,包括抗药性分子机制、虫媒病原体检测、系统发育及分类鉴定、重要生理功能相关转录谱分析等,以期为其在更多媒介生物中的应用提供指导.
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