把棕色田鼠或沼泽田鼠暴露于同种个体底物(个体饲养箱内的锯末)1 h,不同组别的田鼠在间隔15 min、30 min、60 min后,记录对暴露过的熟悉底物和另一个陌生底物的访问、嗅闻、挖掘等社会探究行为(每组在每一个时间间隔只试验1次),统计分析发现,田鼠在暴露于同种异性底物,然后间隔不同的时间后,总是倾向于选择熟悉同种异性底物;田鼠在暴露于同种同性底物,然后间隔不同的时间后,总是倾向于选择陌生同种同性底物;棕色田鼠在暴露于同性底物1 h,然后间隔60 min后,对陌生的同性底物有明显多的探究行为,但沼泽田鼠在同种情况下却没有表现出这种选择倾向.在暴露底物1 h,然后间隔60 min后,雌性田鼠比雄性田鼠表现出更明显的选择倾向.以上结果表明不同种类和性别的田鼠对气味表现出不同的识别模式.这种差异可能表明不同种具有不同的社会组织、生态和生活史对策.%The abilities to discriminate and recognize individuals' odors of mandarin voles (Microtus mandarinus) and reed voles (M. fostis) were investigated in present study using behavioral paradigm. Mandarin voles and reed voles were exposed to conspecific individual substrates for one hour, and after 15 min, 30 min and 60 min intervals, durations of investigating behavior such as visiting, sniffing and digging to this familiar substrate and another novel substrate were recorded in different groups of voles, each group were tested at just one interval. It was found that voles exposed to conspecific heterosexual substrates preferred to familiar substrates at different lengths of time after exposure. In the other hand, voles exposed to homosexual substrates preferred to the novel odor at different lengths of time. The mandarin voles exposed to homosexual substrates showed significant preferences for novel substrates at 60 min intervals after exposures. But reed voles did not show obvious preference to homosexual substrates exposed to them after 60 min interval. Female voles showed more significant preferences to different substrates than did male voles at 60 min intervals after exposure. The present results indicate that different species and different sexes of voles showed different patterns of olfactory recognition and memory. This difference may be because of their different social organizations, ecologies and life history strategies in different species.
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