The imbalance between reactive oxygen species formation and antioxidant defenses in favor of reactive oxygen species contributes to potential detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species-oxidative stress. The major reactive oxygen species molecules include oxygen free radical, lipid peroxidation, superoxide, etc. Superoxide is necessary for normal cellular function. Recent studies indicate that superoxide (and associated reactive oxygen species) generated by NAD(P)H oxidase in nonphagocytic cells plays an important role in both health and disease conditions. In addition, oxidative stress induced by excess superoxide may influence the homeostasis of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus contributing to cardiovascular diseases. It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus tightly correlates with cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure and hypertension. However, the mechanisms responsible for oxidative stress contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases are still poorly understood. This review summarizes the mechanisms of brain oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases.%氧化应激为各种原因导致机体内氧化与抗氧化之间平衡失调,活性氧簇(包括:含氧自由基、脂质过氧化物、超氧化物等)产生过多,而使机体处于促氧化状态.超氧化物对于正常细胞功能是必不可少的.现证实,在非吞噬细胞中由NAD(P)H氧化酶催化所产生的超氧化物(及相关的活性氧簇)对机体健康和疾病的发生发展有很大影响.在中枢神经系统中,过多超氧化物引起的氧化应激会影响心血管中枢稳态进而引发各种心血管疾病.尽管现在已知中枢氧化应激与心力衰竭、高血压等多种心血管疾病密切相关,但对其相关机制却报道甚少,现就此做一综述.
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