In this paper,the exploitation and technical progress of marine renewable resources has been an-alyzed and reviewed at both national and international levels,including tidal energy,tidal current energy, wave energy,ocean thermal energy,and osmotic energy.Based on our analysis,we concluded that tidal energy technology has reached the stage of commercial operation,tidal current energy technology has en-tered a phase of sea test for full scale prototype,wave energy technology has arrived at the stage of real sea test for engineering prototype,ocean thermal energy technology has attained at a stage of real sea test for scale prototype,while osmotic energy has been still in the laboratory verification stage.Our comparison study has shown that the domestic and international advanced levels of tidal energy technology are quite similar;however,there is a relatively large gap between domestic and the international advanced levels of tidal current energy,wave energy,ocean thermal energy,and osmotic energy.The mainstream marine en-ergy technology is basically in the stage of real sea trial for scale prototype,and further breakthroughs are needed in key technologies and security.A few development trends are expected as follows:tidal energy technology will be more eco-friendly and large-scaled;tidal current energy technology will tend to have combinations of large and small units with floating technology;the stability and survivability of the wave energy conversion device will be steadily improved,the applications of the device array will be continually carried out and placement area will increasingly expand to the deep sea;the use of the efficient thermody-namic cycle and comprehensive utilization of seawater desalination and air-conditioning refrigeration for o-cean thermal energy;and the large-scale production of low-cost special film will become the main direction of the osmotic energy development.%综述了国内外潮汐能、潮流能、波浪能、海洋温差能、盐差能等海洋可再生能源的开发利用与技术进展,通过开发利用现状分析,认为国际潮汐能技术已达到商业化运行阶段,潮流能技术已进入全比例尺样机实海况测试阶段,波浪能技术已进入工程样机实海况测试阶段,温差能技术已进入比例样机实海况测试阶段,盐差能技术尚处于实验室验证阶段.通过对国内外技术比较认为我国潮汐能技术与国际先进水平差距不大,潮流能、波浪能、温差能、盐差能等海洋能技术与国际先进水平差距较大,潮流能和波浪能等主流海洋能技术基本处于比例样机的海试阶段,在关键获能技术和安全性方面尚待进一步的突破.海洋可再生能源的发展趋势:更大规模的环境友好型潮汐能技术将成为新的研究方向;大型潮流能机组与小型潮流能机组并重,漂浮式技术成为未来发展方向之一;波浪能发电装置稳定性和生存性稳步提高,探索装置阵列化应用;海洋温差能混合工质高效热力循环的使用和海水淡化、空调制冷的综合利用;盐差能技术发展的方向是低成本专用膜的规模化生产.
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