目的：探讨和分析某市大气污染对新生儿出生缺陷的影响。方法收集某市6家哨点医院2012—2013年期间分娩的孕满18周到出生后7 d 内的所有围产儿资料，包括分娩日期、孕产妇孕周以及孕天数和围生儿的性别等资料。同时收集该市2011—2013年的大气污染物日监测资料，包括二氧化硫、二氧化氮、可吸入污染和污染指数等。采用 SPSS16．0软件进行一般性描述、卡方检验、方差分析、Spearman 秩相关等统计分析。结果2年出生缺陷总发生率为11．63‰；2012年的出生缺陷发生率为10．49‰，2013年为12．76‰，但2年之间差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）；不同性别出生缺陷患儿的发生率差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05），男婴出生缺陷发生率高于女婴。出生缺陷发生率与大气污染物的 Spearman 秩相关分析结果显示：在孕前1月组和孕前2月组，出生缺陷发生率与可吸入颗粒物（PM10）和污染指数呈正相关。结论该次调查的该市妊娠期妇女在妊娠前期2个月内，大气 PM10暴露浓度和污染指数暴露水平与出生缺陷的发生存在统计学关联。%Objective Objective To investigate and analyze the city air pollution effects on birth defects.Methods Data of perinatal fetus from 18 -week gestation to 7 days after the birth,including date of delivery,maternal gestational weeks,days of pregnancy and gender,were collected from six sentinel hospitals of a city during 2012—2013.The daily monitoring data of air pollutants from 2011 to 2013,including sulfur dioxide,nitrogen dioxide,inhaled pollution and pollution index,were collected at the same time.SPSS16.0 soft-ware was used for general description,chisquare test,analysis of variance and Spearman rank correlation.Results The total incidence of birth defects was 11.63 per thousand in 2 years.The incidence of birth defects was 10.49 per thousand in 2012,12.76 per thousand in 2013,but there was no significant difference between 2 years(P >0.05).The incidences of birth defects in children between gender groups were statistically different(P <0.05).The incidence of birth defects in boys was higher than that in girls.Spearman rank corre-lation analysis results of the incidence of birth defects with air pollutants showed that the incidences of defects in 1 month and 2 months before pregnancy groups were positively correlated with PM10 and pollution index.Conclusions In this survey,atmospheric PM10 and pollution index exposure during the two months before pregnancy were associated with the occurrence of birth defects in statistics.
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