住宅建筑空调使用行为的随机性和不确定性对空调能耗预测精度影响很大.如何在准确掌握空调随机使用行为特征的基础上,建立科学合理的住宅建筑空调随机使用行为模拟方法,对其空调负荷及能耗模拟具有重要意义.鉴于此,本研究利用基于主体建模的思想建立了住宅建筑空调随机使用行为的模拟方法.首先建立建筑户型、住户类型、空调数量和安装位置的对应关系,其次将居民划分为青年、中年、老年等3类,建立各类居民的在室规律、空调使用行为规则、以及不同类型居民之间空调使用的交互特征;基于主体建模的思想,利用netlogo软件建立居住建筑空调随机使用行为模拟模型.在此基础上,选取杭州市一栋典型住宅建筑进行案例应用,于2017年1月5日至1月11日,对该栋建筑内所有住户每个成员的在室行为、空调使用行为、以及所有住户的空调运行状态进行问卷调研,同时选取典型住户对室内外温度和空调运行情况进行实时监测.根据上述模拟方法对该栋建筑所有住户的空调随机使用情况进行模拟,并将模拟结果和住户空调运行情况进行校核.结果表明,该模拟方法有较好的精度保证,可用于居住建筑空调随机使用行为的模拟.%The randomness and uncertainty of usage behavior of air conditioners in residential buildings have a great influence on the accuracy of air conditioning energy consumption prediction.It is of great importance for the heating and cooling loads and energy consumption simulation to establish a scientific simulation methodology of stochastic usage behavior of air conditioners in residential buildings,after the accurate understanding of its stochastic characteristics of usage behavior.In view of this,this study develops a simulation methodology for stochastic usage behavior of air conditioners in residential buildings by agent-based modeling.First of all,the corresponding relationship between the building type,household type,and the number and installation location of air conditioners are established.Residents are divided into four types of children and teenager,the youth,middleaged and the aged,and the occupancy rules,usage behavior rules of air conditioners of each type of residents,and the interactive usage characteristics of air conditioners among different types of residents are established by using the agent-based modeling.A simulation model for stochastic usage behavior of air conditioners in residential building is established by using NETLOGO software.Based on this,a typical residential building in Hangzhou city was selected for the case study.questionnaire surveys were conducted among all residents in this building from January 5,2017 to January 11th,covering the occupancy and usage behavior of air conditioners of each resident,and the operation status of air-conditioners in each room,Meanwhile,typical households were selected to monitor the indoor and outdoor temperature and the operation of air conditioners.By the above methodology,the stochastic usage behavior of air conditioners in all the households of this building was simulated,and the simulation results were compared with the surveyed data The results show that the simulation methodology has good accuracy and can be used to simulate the stochastic usage behavior of air conditioners in residential buildings.
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