目前，多数微波辅助化学合成实验是基于家用微波炉进行的，但是存在两大问题：加热不均匀以及加热效率低。为解决这一问题，通过使用comsol多物理场仿真软件进行优化设计，提出了一种通用的多试管结构，通过改变试管位置和试管厚度，便可改善水在家用微波炉中的加热效率和温度分布均匀性。这里对加热30ml水和60ml水分别进行了仿真分析，仿真结果表明，相比单试管，此多试管结构对30ml水的加热均匀性和加热效率的提升值分别为97．6%和7．1%，对60ml水的加热均匀性和加热效率提升值分别为98．2%和9．2%。之后对仿真结果进行了实验验证，证明了其正确性。因为水是化学实验中的一种重要溶剂，且稀水溶液与纯水的介电常数相差不大，所以这种多试管结构对稀水溶液具有通用性。%Currently many microwave-assisted chemical syntheses are based on modified domestic microwave ovens. But there are two obvious problems:nonuniform temperature distribution and low heating efficiency. Therefore,a universal type of multiple tube structure was proposed by using COMSOL Multiphysics software for optimization analysis. The heating efficiency and heating uni-formity of water can be improved by changing the tubes’position and thickness simply. The heating performances of 30ml water and 60ml water were simulated respectively. Compared with the single tube structure,the multiple tube structure can improve the water' s heating uniformity and heating efficiency to 97. 6%and 7. 1%(30ml),98. 2%and 9. 2%(60ml)respectively. Then the experiment proved the accuracies of simulation results. Since water is an important solvent and the dielectric constants of water and aqueous so-lutions are similar,the multiple tube structure has the universality for aqueous solutions.
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