汞是常见的一种污染物,它可以在微生物的甲基化作用下转化为甲基汞.甲基汞是汞形态中最具毒性的一种,通过食物链可以危害人体健康,对人体中枢神经系统造成不可逆的损害.环境与生态问题使得检测甲基汞迫在眉睫,近年来分析检测甲基汞的手段显著发展,光谱法、色谱法尤其是仪器联用技术,例如GC-MS、GC-ICP-MS和HPLC-ICP-MS已经被广泛采用,但是检测过程时间太长、费用太贵始终限制了当前方法的进一步发展.拥有高灵敏度、高选择性、简洁快速等特点的化学传感器检测技术快速发展,在元素分析中的应用越来越广泛.本文介绍了甲基汞的主要危害,以检测甲基汞为目的,列举了当前主要的传统的仪器类检测技术以及化学传感器类检测甲基汞的手段,并对未来检测技术的发展方向进行了展望.%Mercury is a common pollutant in the environment, under the methylation of microbe, it can be turned into methylmercury,which is one of the most toxic forms of mercury, causing irreversible damage to the central nervous system through the aquatic food chain. These problems have prompted the development of methods for the detection and quantification of methylmercury. Recently,sensitive and selective methods for methylmercury analysis have been developed, propelling a remarkable growth in detection of methylmercury. Spectrometry, chromatography, especially hyphenated instrumental techniques, such as GC-MS、GC-ICP-MS and HPLC-ICP-MS have been exploited to detect and quantify methylmercury. Despite the great advances made in methylmercury analysis,the pace of research remains limited by the lengthy time and high cost of methylmercury analysis using current methods. Because of the high sensitivity and selectivity, quick response time and easy signal detection, chemical sensor techniques have been developed remarkably in the field of element analysis. This paper has summarized the major influences of methylmercury, conventional instrumental techniques and chemical sensor techniques in detection of methylmercury, prospects in this field are also presented.
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