Historic towns and vilages in southeast of Yangtze River have their own traditional culture history and formation mechanism compying with geographical context. Focusing on the respective of cultural geograph, this articl trying to explore the characters of landscape change of historic towns and vilages in different periods. After combing historical documents and privious research findings, it divides the evolution of ancient towns and vilages into three stages according to the specific historical background and economic condition:midinitial formation, development and modern stable mature. It induces the point-shaft-field development modle at large space scale to extract the relationship between geographical environment and ancient towns and vilages, than we can get that only if geography environment preserved, the outstanding characteristics of historical towns and vilages can be continue. At last, it provides new iedas to mordern rural and city development.%苏南水乡历史文化村镇分布有其文化传统历史轨迹和顺应地理脉络的成因机制，着眼于文化地理学的角度，探讨不同时期苏南村镇的景观变迁特征，在梳理历史文献和以往研究成果的基础上，以特定的历史环境背景和经济状况为标准，将苏南村镇的演变划分为初始形成、发展中期、现代成熟稳定三个阶段。在大尺度空间内归纳出的苏南古镇景观点-轴-面的发展模式，提炼出大地理环境背景与古村镇景观之间的交互关系，揭示出只有孕育古镇的自生山水地理环境得以保存，历史文化村镇的历史特色才能得以延续的观点；并从单体建筑小尺度范围内指出历史文化村镇民居与现代民居空间布局的差异，以期为现代城镇发展建设建立历史坐标。
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