The Taihu Lake Basin, with its well-developed industry clusters, water-intensive networks, and strong water environmental sensitivity, was used as an example to support a rational explanation for the constraint of water environmental capacity on industrial clustering. From an environmental geography point of view, several factors, such as geomorphic conditions, connection conditions to outside water bodies, water quality needs, water channel conditions, and current water quality, were selected for evaluating and regionalizing water environmental capacity, using GIS spatial analysis. Then, the special optimization of agricultural and industrial clustering was adjusted, according to the balance between industrial clustering space and water environment carrying capacity. The results showed that water environmental capacity in the Taihu Lake Basin with spatial differences, gradually decreased from the northeast along the Yangtze River to southwest of Taihu lake, in contrast, the pollution caused by industrial clustering distributed along Taihu Lake, Gehu Lake, and Changdang Lake. Furthermore, agricultural clustering space focused on optimizing key protected areas of Taihu Lake, the shores of Gehu and Changdang lake, optimal adjusting second protected areas and southern regions of the Taihu Lake, general adjusting urban district of Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou City; Industrial clustering space focused on optimizing the downtown of Changzhou, Wuxi, and Suzhou, optimal adjusting key protected area and second protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, general adjusting industrial concentrated area in townships.%以产业集聚发达、水网密集但水环境敏感性强的太湖流域为例,采用环境地理学的理念,选择地貌特征、水质目标、水体通达性、清水通道、现状水质等要素作为表征水环境容量的评价因子,运用GIS空间分析方法,对水环境容量进行分区评价；通过空间叠加分析,依据水环境容量支撑强度和产业集聚污染压力的对应关系,分别划分农业、工业集聚空间优化类型区.结果表明,太湖流域水环境容量地域差异性大,呈现从东北沿江地区向西南沿湖地区逐步递减的格局,而产业集聚引起的污染总体上以太湖、滆湖及长荡湖沿岸乡镇分布较多,与水环境容量的空间分布格局不相吻合.农业集聚空间优化要重点调整太湖一级保护区、滆湖、长荡湖沿岸区域的农业发展,优化调整太湖二级保护区及南部山丘岗地区,一般调整常州、无锡、苏州的市区的农业发展；工业集聚空间优化要重点调整常州、无锡和苏州中心城区,优化调整太湖一、二级保护区范围内以及重点调整区的外围,一般调整乡镇工业集中区.
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