以黄河宁蒙段凌汛期的险工险段为原型，在国内首次建立了模拟黄河上游凌情的冰坝实体模型，并通过对冰坝实体模型的多次爆破试验，获得了破除冰坝的最佳爆破点位置与实现一次爆破使其自行溃决的炸药用量。研究结果表明，一旦形成冰坝，宜在2h内迅速使其爆破溃决，当冰坝长度小于5倍冰坝宽度时，一般可通过一次爆破作业使其自行溃决，爆破部位为距坝头1/6坝体宽度位置，冰坝爆破所用单位体积炸药当量为65 g/m3，药包应置于冰坝底部；当冰坝长度大于5倍冰坝宽度时，可通过多次爆破作业方法使其自行溃坝。研究成果可用于指导黄河冰坝爆破作业，对防凌减灾意义重大，具体参数有待在实际破除冰坝作业中作进一步验证与修正。%The ice dam model is a first physical model in China to simulate ice situation in upstream of the Yel ow River based on the dangerous section during ice flood period at Ninxia and Mongolia reach. The best blasting spot and the usage of explosive for scattering ice dam at one time were obtained after a number of bursting tests on the physical model. The results show that the ice dam should be rapidly blasted within two hours. The ice dam could be scattered once if ice dam ’s length is five times less than width. The best blasting site is one sixth of width from the head of ice dam, explosives should be placed at the bottom of the ice dam with usage of explosives to 65g/m3. If the ice dam ’s length is 5 times greater than width, the ice dam should be scattered several times. The research results can guide blasting tasks of ice dam and have great significance on prevent ice flood disaster. The specific parameters need to be verified and corrected in the real time blasting.
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