Coal is main energy in China .It is important to national energy security of coal mine safety of development of coal industry .For the security risk of coal enterprise is the foundation to ensure the accurate assessment of coal enterprise safety .Based on preliminary analysis theory and summarizes the domestic and foreign research on risk evaluation for coal ,according to principle about the risks of the theory ,combined with the actual situation of the security risk of Chinese coal enterprises ,the safety risk evaluation index system has been constructed .Sequence of risk factors determining with the evaluation index system of Chinese coal enterprise utilized risk matrix ,coal enterprises safety key risk factors has been determined too .Results show that the safety investment of Chinese coal enterprises is the most important risk factor ,it is also important to improve the operating procedures and the implementation of the security system .Security risk managements in Chinese coal enterprises ,need to focus on the key factors affecting the safety risk monitoring and control .%煤炭是我国的主体能源，煤矿安全生产关系到煤炭工业的持续发展和国家能源安全。对于煤炭企业的安全风险进行准确的评价是确保煤炭企业安全的基石。在分析和总结国内外对于煤炭企业安全风险评价研究的理论方法的基础上，依据安全事故致因理论关于风险划分的基本原理，结合我国煤炭企业安全风险的实际情况，构建了我国煤炭企业安全风险评价指标体系。运用风险矩阵法对我国煤炭企业安全评价指标体系确定的风险因素进行了排序，明确了煤炭企业安全风险关键因素。结果说明我国煤炭企业的安全投入是最为关键的风险影响因素，其次是操作规程的落实和安全制度的健全因素。我国煤炭企业在安全风险管理中，需要重点针对影响安全风险的关键因素进行监控与治理。
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