The preparation of nano-Mg(OH)2 by different processes, and the effect of the process on particle size and its distribution of nano-Mg(OH)2 were studied. The nano-Mg(OH)2 was used in deacidification treatment of the paper based cultural relics. The results showed that with the aid of ultrasonic and high temperature(90℃), the particles of Mg(OH)2 prepared had a narrow size distribution between 17.9 nm and 86. 6 nm, the mean size was 44. 2 nm. After deacidification treatment with the nano- Mg( OH)2 the pH value of the papers increased from 4.5 to 8.5. The heat aging test indicated that the papers after deacidification showed a good stability of pH value ( -7.5) and the tensile strength ( -715 N/m) so that they could be conserved for long-time.%通过不同工艺制备纳米氢氧化镁(Mg(OH)2),探讨了工艺条件对纳米粒径及其分布的影响.将制备的纳米Mg(OH)2用于纸质文物的脱酸处理,通过加速热老化探讨纸张的pH值及抗张强度随时间的变化关系.结果表明,在超声波(40 kHz)和加温(90℃)的条件下可以制备纳米粒径分布窄(17.9 ～86.6 nm)、平均粒径在44.2 nm左右的粒子；脱酸处理后纸张的pH值得到了明显的提高(从4.5提高到8.5)；热老化实验表明,脱酸处理后纸张pH值(7.5左右)和抗张强度(715N/m左右)比较稳定,从而能够长时间保存.
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